The molecular drawing tool provides a canvas and tools for Drawing single bonds, double bonds, and triple bonds. drawing molecules in Sapling Learning. The main toolbar Draw C-C, C=C and C=C. consists of several menus. 1. Click on the Draw menu and select the single bond The Select menu allows you to select bonds, atoms, (the single line). electrons, and charges to be moved or rotated. • The Draw menu is used to draw bonds and atoms. 2. Click on the drawing canvas to draw the single bond. 3. Next, draw a double bond. Select the double bond • The Rings menu allows you to quickly draw rings of various sizes and includes the most commonly (two lines) from the Draw menu. Then, click on a used rings. • The More menu is used to add charges, nonbonding electrons (optional), and curved arrows (optional). separate area on the drawing canvas. 4. Lastly, draw the triple bond. Select the triple bond (three lines) from the Draw menu and click on a Also present is the "reset drawing" button, which will revert the drawing palette to the original state. • The Erase tool allows you to erase atoms, bonds, separate area of the drawing canvas. 5. If you accidentally make an error, select the Erase tool and click on the atom or bond you wish to delete. charges, electrons, and curved arrows. Your drawing should look like: Addtional features are possible in these menus, but the menus will only show the functionality that is needed for a given question. The drawing canvas has additional features. Draw C-C, C=C and C=C. • On the bottom left of the canvas, there is an "undo" Erase Select Draw Rings More and "redo" button. • On the bottom right of the canvas are "zoom in", "reset zoom and rotation" and "zoom out" buttons. • Holding your mouse over the button will give a popup description.

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In a covalent bond between two atoms, the more electronegative atom will attract more electron density toward itself, causing a polar bond. The more electronegative element is the negative pole, whereas the less electronegative element is the positive pole. The direction of the dipole is always toward the more electronegative element. This is often inflicated by an arrow, as shown in the figure. (Figure 1) The magnitude of the bond polarity is the difference in electronegativity values of the atoms. For example, in the molecule Cl2, the CICI bond is nonpolar because there is no difference in electronegativity between two atoms of the same element. In the CIBr molecule, However, the C1 Br bond is polar because Cl and Br have different electroneaativitv values. A CI I bond would be more polar than a C1 Br bond because there is a greater electronegativity difference between Cland I than between CI and Br.

Question 9 to be answered please