The membrane potential of cells within the visual system is recorded in the dark, then following a brief flash of light. During the flash of light you would expect __________ cells to _____________       a   rod cell; hyperpolarize  b   bipolar cell; depolarize  c   ganglion cell; depolarize  d   all of the above are correct

A neuron with an off-center receptive field will increase its firing rate when light covers the entire receptive field light fills the center portion of the receptive field O light is outside of the receptive field O light enters the surround portion of the recentive field

How many points would be felt in the example below? Explain your answer. Sensory neurons O 2 O 1 O 4 O 3

how does visual transduction occur in rods? Select one: a. By inhibition: light bleaches the rhodopsin molecules, which closes sodium channels. This hyperpolarizes the rods and increases GABA release. b. By excitation: light inhibits rhodopsin molecules, which blocks sodium ion influx. This depolarizes the rods and causes glutamate release. c. By inhibition: light bleaches rhodopsin molecules, which closes sodium channels. This hyperpolarizes the rods and reduces glutamate release. d. By excitation: light activates rhodopsin molecules, which opens sodium channels. This depolarizes the rods and causes glutamate release

Select the options that properly describe the function and features of rods. A bright blue light would stimulate rods more than cones. In low light conditions rods perceive color as gray cale. sensitive to bright light conditions. Rods are sensitive to vision in low light conditions. In low light conditions rods perceive color as blue scale. Low light conditions are viewed in blue scale. O The absorbance of rhodopsin in the rods is much more sensitive than in the cone opsins. Rods are sensitive to vision in bright light conditions. sensitive to low light conditions. Rods are sensitive to low light conditions. V The absorbance of rhodopsin in the cones is much more sensitive than in the rods opsins. Rods are sensitive to bright light conditions.

Negative images are not explained by the ___________ of color vision.     Opponent Process Theory   Retinx Theory    Color Blindness   Trichromatic Theory

White light contains only the green and orange colors of light. O True False

Your friend is wearing a white and magenta horizontal striped shirt, like the attached picture, but more…magenta. Magenta is a secondary color that is a combination of equal amounts of red and blue light. 1. Describe or draw the receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells and V1 simple cells that let you determine where the stripes are on the torso of the shirt. Will the same cells respond to the stripes on the sleeves? Why or why not? 2. Explain how V2 interprets the stripes as “magenta” using the responses of LGN single opponent cells and V1 double opponent cells (pro tip: think about the responses in terms of spikes).

___________ responds to faint light, while ________ respond to color.      Cylinders, Rods   Cones, Rods   Rods, Cones   Rods, Cylinders

In the complete absence of light, a rod will become strongly depolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters become strongly hyperpolarized and increase its release of neurotransmitters become strongly depolarized and decrease its release of neurotransmitters None of these