The Make or Buy dilemma of Tesco’s Ltd. manufacturing company Tesco’s Ltd. is a manufacturing company engaged in the manufacturing of valves. They have been in the business for the last 3 years and have been manufacturing only one type of valves. They started their business initially with sales of 10,000 valves per month and now they have grown the volume to about 50,000 valves per month. They have been buying all the raw material for the valve and were doing all the manufacturing in house. Now they have established themselves in the market and are planning to expand and produce different varieties of valves. They have their plant in the main city and the total area of the plant is 50,000 sq. ft. Now if they want to expand and continue doing all the activities of manufacturing of all the varieties in house, they would need another 50,000 sq.ft. of the area. In the recent times, the land prices in the area have more than doubled in the last 3 years and still land is available with great difficulty. Mr. Freya is the production head of Tesco’s Ltd. and has been successful with the production and the level is continuously increasing. But in recent times, he is facing the problem of quality complaints which have gone up from average 0.2 % in previous 2 years to 0.5 % this year. Also, he is finding that there is a high level of dissatisfaction among the workers regarding workload as well as salary levels. The workers are regularly complaining about the over work. Although, Mr. Freya has found that the workers have been spending lot of time on tea breaks, lunch breaks and even in between the production workers spend a lot of time talking to each other. Due to insufficient workers and staff, he is unable to take strict action and the workers are taking advantage of this situation. For completing the work and delivering the products timely, he has to employ workers on overtime and his overtime cost has also increased 3 times. Mr. Freya is worried about the new expansion plan of the management and is worried where the new workers would come from as he is already finding shortage of workers for the existing job. He has requested the management not to go for expansion immediately and look at improving and consolidating the existing set up. He has sent his request to Mr. S. Amir the director of operations of the company. Mr. Amir has gone through the request of Mr. Freya and called a meeting of all the department heads and explained the situation to all the concerned parties. The marketing manager has expressed very bullish prospect about the company’s growth and said that the company should take advantage of growing economy and established brand image of the company and definitely go for expansion. The finance manager also expressed that this will result in economies of scale for the products and will further increase the profitability of the products. Mr. Freya again expressed his concerns regarding availability of manpower as well as production control and effect on quality and productivity. The Marketing manager asked the Production manager about the option of outsourcing. Mr. Freya is skeptical about the outsourcing option as he felt that the outside agency will always charge more as he will try to make his profit as well and also is worried about the possible problems of deliveries. Mr. Amir asked Mr. Naresh who is the Purchasing manager about his views. He said that since the suppliers would also be interested in doing the business, they would not like to delay as with delay they also incur a loss. The Finance manager said that we can look at cost comparison for buying against in-house manufacturing. After listening to all the views, Mr. Amir told Mr. Freya to work out the cost of production for future sales as per the forecast given by the Marketing department. He also told Mr. Naresh to collect the details of the future requirements to get the purchase cost details for a few components of the valve. Mr. Freya and Mr. Naresh have collected their data and they have presented the data in the meeting called by Mr. Amir to review the plan. First, the marketing head Mr. Suresh presented his market forecast, and then Mr. Freya presented his report. Answer ALL the questions in this section. 1.2 For any organization to sustain itself in the business market, it must have a competitive advantage over its rivalry. Explain THREE (3) strategies which Tesco’s can achieve this through its operations