The lecture mentions that diminishing marginal utility applies to the consumption of money as well as the consumption of certain food. Can you give another example where diminishing marginal utility applies? Can you think of any example where diminishing marginal utility does not apply?
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- The lecture mentions that diminishing
marginal utility applies to the consumption of money as well as the consumption of certain food. Can you give another example where diminishing marginal utility applies? Can you think of any example where diminishing marginal utility does not apply? - From utility theory, the demand for insurance depends on the level of risk aversion (i.e. how much you hate uncertainty), the cost of insurance (i.e. if it is within your
willingness to pay ), as well as wealth. Can you think of anything else that affects demand for insurance? - One of the predictions of prospect theory is that we tend to be overly concerned with relatively small risk. Can you think of any example (besides those given in the lecture) that either speaks to this or is an exception?
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- From utility theory, the demand for insurance depends on the level of risk aversion (i.e. how much you hate uncertainty), the cost of insurance (i.e. if it is within your willingness to pay), as well as wealth. Can you think of anything else that affects demand for insurance?Adam has just purchased a new car and has to decide whether to buy insurance to cover his new car in the event of a loss. Assume that Adam knows the probability (p) of him having an accident and losing his new car. The car is valued at L and the amount of insurance to purchase for this value is X. Adam’s entire wealth after buying the car is W. Let r be unit price of insurance. Briefly explain the problem of the insurance company and show that for insurance to be actuarially fair, the premium must equal the probability of accident.Suppose your preferences can characterized by the simple utility function U = √C, where C is consumption. You enjoy rock climbing, where you have a 10% chance of get- ting injured and losing $50,000. Your income (and therefore consumption) in the uninjured state is $90,000. What is the most you are willing to pay for an insurance policy? What is the fee for a fair insurance?
- In the summer of 1984, Nicholai opened a small art gallery in the West Village and amassed a collection worth $2,60,000. An insurance company figured there was a 5% chance the collection would be destroyed and worth $0. Nicholai has utility u(x) = x0.5. If Nicholai purchases full insurance at a fair price, his expected utility would be ___. while if he declines the insurance he would face an expected utility of а. 1,487.5; 1,531.8 b. 1,487.5; 1,444.9 с. 1,571.6;B 1,531.8 d. 1,571.6; 1,444.9Anita bought a new scooter for $500. She is deciding whether she should insureher scooter against theft. She has recently read in the news that one out of 10 scooters arestolen in her town. She can buy scooter theft insurance at the price of 12 cents per $1 ofinsurance. How much insurance will Anita buy if her utility function is U(C) = 2C + 100?You are trying to decide between rescuing a puppy or an older dog. You decide to try to assign some numbers to your preferences so you can compare options. You estimate that your utility for a dog that will chew your furniture is 0.1 and your utility for a dog that can go on hikes with you is 0.8. You expect that a puppy will have an 70% chance of chewing your belongings and a 90% chance of going on hikes. What is your expected utility for getting the puppy?
- Scenario 2 Tess and Lex earn $40,000 per year and all earnings are spent on consumption (c). Tess and Lex both have the utility function (sqrt c) . Both could experience an adverse event that results in earnings of $0 per year. Tess has a 1% chance of experiencing an adverse event and Lex has a 12% chance of experiencing an adverse event. Tess and Lex are both aware of their risk of an adverse event. Refer to Scenario 2 Suppose that insurance companies do not know specific probabilities of adverse events for Tess or Lex, but do know the average probability of an adverse event. If they assumed that both Tess and Lex purchase full insurance, what is the actuarially fair premium charged? Round to two decimal placesA person's utility function is U = C1/2 . C is the amount of consumption they have in a given period. Their income is $40,000/year and there is a 2% chance that they'll be involved in a catastrophic accident that will cost them $30,000 next year. a. Calculate the actuarially fair insurance premium. What would your expected utility be if you were to purchase the actuarially fair insurance premium? b. What is the most you would be willing to pay for insurance, given your utility function?4. An individual's Bernoulli utility function is u(w) = Vw, and the individual has initial wealth 100. The individual might develop a health problem, which would reduce his or her wealth to 0. The individual might be "healthy" or "unhealthy." A healthy person develops the health problem with probability qL = 0.3, while an unhealthy person develops the health problem with probability qH = 0.7. The probability that the individual in question is healthy is 1/2. An individual knows whether he or she is healthy, but an insurer does not. Without insurance, a healthy person's wealth is 100 with probability 0.7 and 0 with probability 0.3. Without insurance, an unhealthy person's wealth is 100 with probability 0.3 and 0 with probability 0.7. Insurers only offer "full insurance." That is, if the adverse event occurs, they will pay back 100, restoring the individual's full wealth. Insurers set a price for this policy that is "actuarially fair." Insurance company makes no money on average.…
- Is the decision to buy pet insurance strictly an economic decision? Explain.Economists define the 'certainty equivalent' of a risky stream of income as the amount of guaranteed money an individual would accept instead of taking a risk. The certainty equivalent varies between individuals based on their risk preference. Consider a risky bet that involves a 50-50 chance of losing $5,000 or winning $5,000 for an individual with starting income of $50,000. Calculate the certainty equivalent income that provides the same utility as this bet for individuals with these different utility functions: a. U(1) Vi b. U(1) = In(1) where In represents the natural logarithm function C. U(I) = -1/1 d. What can you conclude about the relative level of risk aversion for these three individuals? e What would be the certainty equivalent income for this bet for a risk neutral individual? f. What is the likelihood that a profit maximizing risk neutral insurance company would be willing and able to purchase these bets from the individuals in a, b and c? Explain.Life insurance companies require applicants to submit to a physical examination as proof of insurability prior to issuing standard life insurance policies. In contrast, credit card companies offer their customers a type of insurance called “credit life insurance” that pays off the credit card balance if the cardholder dies. Would you expect insurance premiums to be higher (per dollar of death benefits) on standard life or credit life policies? Explain.