The initial attachment required for establishment of an intestinal infection is by a. a capsule. b. cilia. c. pili. d. flagella. e. pseudopodia
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- A four years old child was brought to the medical clinic with signs and symptoms of acute small bowel obstruction. The child was transported to hospital, but died the following day. An autopsy was performed, this revealed. Transected intestine. a. What parasitic infection may induce small bowel obstruction b. How is this infection normally acquired? c. What control strategies are appropriate? d. Why do children suffer the greatest morbidity?Which of the following is not typically considered a defense against infection within the GI tract? a. keratinized layer of cells c. secretory IgA b. mucous coat d. continuous passage of cellsSelect the incorrect characteristic of Candida albicans: A. Commonly causes nappy rash and vaginitis B. Can become opportunistic in the immunocompromised C. Part of the oral commensal flora D. Filamentous mould causing deep-seated infection
- Explain how Vibrio cholerae causes cholera without apparent damage to the intestinal epithelium. a. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an endotoxin that causes the epithelium to secrete potassium ions. This induces small amounts of water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. b. This microbe causes destruction of the cellular structures underneath the intestinal epithelium—this is what induces the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. This leaves the overlying intestinal epithelium intact. c. This microbe directly invades the intestinal epithelial cells, but does not kill them. Instead, while multiplying inside them, it causes them to secrete large amounts of chloride ions. This induces water to follow by osmosis, resulting in the watery rice-stool characteristic of the illness. d. This microbe attaches to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, producing an exotoxin…1. Lymphoid nodules in the intestines that are derived from undifferentiated cells of the crypts of Lieberkuhn A. ActivatedBlymphocytes B. Microfoldcells C. PeyersPatches D. PlasmaCells 2. Cells in the lamina propia of the small intestines that are bactericidal and antiprotozoal A. DNEScells B. Intermediatecells C. Panethcells D. Regenerativecells 3. Glands in the submucosa of the small intestine that enhances epithelial cell division and inhibits gastric HCl production A. Brunner’s B. DNEScells C. Intermediatecells D. Peyer’spatches. Although rotavirus diarrhea incidence declined after the event of the previous question, the blue line shows there are still cases of severe diarrhea in following years (although not as many) These cases A. could be due to norovirus or bacterial pathogens. B. must all be caused by rotavirus. C. are probably not severe.
- Proboscis gland is an excretory organ in a. Saccoglossus b. Carcharodon c. Myxine d. CatlaAll of the following are gastrointestinal complications postoperatively except a. Diarrhea b. Tympanites c. Nausea and vomiting d. Postoperative ileusTuberculoid leprosy 1) may have complications including secondary infections, kidney, or respiratory failure. O 2) is the most disfiguring. is characterized by a large number of acid fast bacilli in the infected tissues O3) (multibacillary). O4) causes asymmetrical, shallow skin lesions with loss of pain sensation. O 5) All of these choices are correct.
- 74. Liver abscess is a known complication of infection with: a. Fasciola hepatica b. Giardia lamblia c. Schistosomamansoni d. Entamoebahistolytica e. Two of the above 75. Cryptosporidium multiplies in: a. the lumen of small intestine b. the brush border of epithelial lining of small intestine c. the lumen of large intestine d. AOTA e. NOTA 76. Which of the following is not aneuroparasite: a. Taeniasolium b. Acanthamoeba c. Trichinellaspiralis d. Nageleria e. NOTAAntimicrobial therapy can decrease the amount of susceptible bowel flora and allow proliferation of relatively resistant colonic bacteria. Which one of the following species can proliferate and produce a toxin that causes diarrhea?- a.Enterococcus species b.Staphylococcus epidermidisC.Pseudomonas aeruginosad.Clostridium difficilee.Bacteroides fragilisA physician has diagnosed acute gastritis in a clinic patient. Which of the following medications would be contraindicated for this patient? A. Naproxen sodium (Naprosyn) B. Calcium carbonate C. Clarithromycin (Biaxin) D. Furosemide (Lasix)