The histopathological diagnosis in bronchia wall show hypertrophy of the mucus glands and hypertrophy of mucosal smooth muscle

PROFILE OF PATIENT Mr. Asare is a 75-year-old male admitted with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema) at Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital. He has been keeping the head of the bed up for most of the day and night to facilitate his breathing which has resulted in lower back pain. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) was not effective in reducing his pain, so the health care provider has prescribed oxycodone/acetaminophen (Percocet) one to two tablets PO every four to six hours as needed for pain. Mr. Asare is on 2 liters of oxygen by nasal cannula. He can receive respiratory treatments of albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) every six hours as needed. Mr. Asare needs someone to walk beside him when he ambulates because he has an unsteady gait and often needs to stop to catch his breath.   CASE STUDY The nurse enters the room and finds Mr. Asare hunched over his bedside table watching television. He says this position helps his breathing. His lung sounds are clear but diminished…

A 5-month-old girl is brought to the emer- gency department by her parents because she is “turning blue." She is cyanotic, weak, and dyspneic. Her parents state that she has expe- rienced similar episodes in the past, but never this severe. Physical examination reveals the lungs are clear to auscultation, with no wheez- ing, rales, or rhonchi. Cardiac examination reveals a regular rate and rhythm, normal S1, single S2, a grade III rough systolic murmur at the left sternal border in the third intercos- tal space, and a palpable right ventricular lift. Echocardiography demonstrates unusual posi- tioning of the aorta, which overrides both the left and right ventricles in the long axis view. In this condition, the primary developmental defect occurs in which portion of the primitive heart? (A) Bulbus cordis (B) Conal septum (C) Left and right horns of the sinus venosus (D) Primitive atria (E) Primitive ventricle

Discuss the provisionsal diagnosis of tension pneomothorax verses pericardial temponade

Explain why bronchiectasis tends to be progressive.

Explain why the brain is a common site of metastaticcancer from the lung.

GI Case Study A 45-year-old store manager complained of a burning, gnawing pain, moderately severe, almost always in the epigastric region. The pain is absent when he awakens, appears in midmorning, and is relieved by food but recurs two to three hours after a meal. The pain often awakens him at 1 or 2 a.m. An endoscopic examination and x-ray studies with barium showed normal stomach function but the presence of duodenal ulcers. Fasting serum gastrin levels were normal. H. pylori testing was negative. Treatments for this individual might include the following: Antacids: 15-30 mL of liquid or two to four tablets one to three hours after each meal and at bedtime for six weeks. Histamine (H2) receptor antagonists: cimetidine (300 mg) or ranitidine (150 mg) with each meal and at bedtime for four to eight weeks. Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor): 20 mg two times a day. Top of Form What is the diagnosis of this individual? What is the significance of doing a fasting serum gastrin level?…

GI Case Study A 45-year-old store manager complained of a burning, gnawing pain, moderately severe, almost always in the epigastric region. The pain is absent when he awakens, appears in midmorning, and is relieved by food but recurs two to three hours after a meal. The pain often awakens him at 1 or 2 a.m. An endoscopic examination and x-ray studies with barium showed normal stomach function but the presence of duodenal ulcers. Fasting serum gastrin levels were normal. H. pylori testing was negative. Treatments for this individual might include the following: Antacids: 15-30 mL of liquid or two to four tablets one to three hours after each meal and at bedtime for six weeks. Histamine (H2) receptor antagonists: cimetidine (300 mg) or ranitidine (150 mg) with each meal and at bedtime for four to eight weeks. Omeprazole (proton pump inhibitor): 20 mg two times a day. Top of Form   How does omeprazole act in treating this disorder? What is H. pylori? Most person who are H. pylori…

Scientific Diagram Pathophysiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Give the following meaning of the diagnostic terms below: auscultation rhonchi - percussion sputum - pleural rub stridor - rales wheezes - 1. Material expelled from the lungs or upper respiratory tract by spitting - 2. Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing - 3. Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in density of the underlying structure - 4. Loud, rumbling sound heard on auscultation over bronchi obstructed by sputum - 5. Fine crackling sound heard on auscultation during inhalation 6. Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces roughened by inflammation rubbing against each other - 7. Listening to sounds within the body - 8. Strained, high-pitched sound made on inhalation; caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx -