The fungus Botrytis is known to cause rot in fruit and decrease the harvest. In an effort to limit the damage, some agriculturalists spray the soil of orchards with fungicides. The effect of fungicides is not specific for Botrytis and kills most fungi in the soil. In a short answer, predict what would happen to the yield of grapes following fumigation and explain the rationale for your prediction.

Write a short paragraph that describes the process of transport in Plants from the soil to the atmosphere.

, please look thoughtfully at the image below of a 4000 year-old bristlecone pine in the White Mountains of eastern California. Then, please answer the following questions: How might such old trees provide information about the region's climate? Does this area appear hospitable to plant growth? What (in the image) supports your response? What environmental factors might account for this (referring to that which you included in your answer to the previous question)?

What is one other organism besides osprey that you would expect to have high concentration of DDT? Explain your answer.