The forward and the backward tangents of a simple curve have an azimuth of 249°15' and 190°45' respectively. The distance from the middle of the chord to the vertex is 57.73 m. And the stationing of the vertex is 2+501.21. a) Determine the radius of the curve. b) Determine the stationing of P.C. c) Determine the stationing of P.T.

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Instruments for Surveying

Surveying is the practice that determines the relative three-dimensional positions of many different points on the earth’s surface. There are various instruments used in Surveying like Theodolites, Total station, Tripod stands, Plane table, etc. for measuring horizontal angle, vertical and sloping angle, which are very useful for giving accurate and precise measurement.