The following are some applications of the Markovinequality of Exercise 29:(a) The scores that high school juniors get on the verbalpart of the PSAT/NMSQT test may be looked upon asvalues of a random variable with the mean μ = 41. Findan upper bound to the probability that one of the studentswill get a score of 65 or more.(b) The weight of certain animals may be looked uponas a random variable with a mean of 212 grams. If noneof the animals weighs less than 165 grams, find an upperbound to the probability that such an animal will weigh atleast 250 grams.

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Estimation

A new framework of data analysis where the new statistical methods are used for interpreting the results and analyzing the data is known as estimation in statistics.