College Physics
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ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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The first artificial satellite to orbit the Earth was Sputnik I, launched October 4, 1957. The mass of Sputnik I was 83.5 kg, and its distances from the center of the Earth at apogee and perigee were 7330 km and 6610 km, respectively. Find the difference in gravitational potential energy for Sputnik I as it moved from apogee to perigee?
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- The figure below shows the potential energy function U(r) of a projectile plotted outward from the surface of a planet of radius Rs. What is the minimum velocity required for a 1.8 kg object to "escape" the gravitational field of the planet.arrow_forwardA 19 kg. rock is thrown straight down toward the Earth from a distance of 10 earth radii above the surface of the Earth with a speed of 5400 m/s. The radius of the Earth is 6370000 meters. The mass of the earth is 5.98e+24 kg. (A)Find the initial kinetic energy of the rock (in J) (B)Find the initial potential energy (in J) of the rock (HINT: the "r" in the potential energy formula is measured from the CENTER of the Earth). (C)Find the total initial energy (in J) of the rock (D)What is the potential energy (in J) of the rock after it has fallen 4 Earth radii from its original position. (E)Using the Conservation of Energy, find the speed (in m/s) of the rock after it has fallen 4 Earth radii from its original position.arrow_forwardAn object is projected from the surface of the earth with a speed of 2.72×104 m/s. What is its speed when it is very far from the earth? (Neglect air resistance.)arrow_forward
- An 8000 kg satellite is launched from the surface of the Earth into outer space. What initial kinetic energy is needed by the satellite in order to reach a great (i.e., infinite) distance from the Earth, neglecting the effects of air resistance in the atmosphere? (G = 6.67 × 10−11 N·m2/kg2, ME = 5.97 × 1024 kg, RE = 6.37 × 106 m.)arrow_forwardZero, a hypothetical planet, has a mass of 4.5 x 1023 kg, a radius of 3.2 x 106 m, and no atmosphere. A 10 kg space probe is to be launched vertically from its surface. (a) If the probe is launched with an initial kinetic energy of 5.0 x 107 J, what will be its kinetic energy when it is 4.0 x 106 m from the center of Zero? (b) If the probe is to achieve a maximum distance of 8.0 x 106 m from the center of Zero, with what initial kinetic energy must it be launched from the surface of Zero?arrow_forwardA space probe is in orbit around Mars at an altitude of 1200 km. To move to a higher orbit, small rocket engines are used to provide the energy required.(a) Compare the kinetic energy of the space probe in the lower and higher orbit.(b) Explain why energy is required to move the space probe from a lower to a higher orbit. In your answer refer to the total energy of the satellite.arrow_forward
- The Molniya orbit is a 12 hour period highly eccentric orbit used by Russia for communication satellites. Perigee and Apogee of the Molniya orbit are 500 km and 39, 873 km respectively. Consider a satellite deployed in such a orbit. Determine the satellite's time of flight from the perigee to an altitude of 30, 000 km ( when the satellite is past the apogee and returning back to the perigee).arrow_forwardA 1 kg satellite is to be placed at 3.55e7 meters above the earth's surface. What is the difference in potential energy between Earth's surface and the satellite height for a satellite with 1 kg mass? What is the total work needed to place the satellite in orbit at this location above earth?arrow_forwardTwo Earth satellites, A and B, each of mass m, are to be launched into circular orbits about Earth's center. Satellite A is to orbit at an altitude of 5390 km. Satellite B is to orbit at an altitude of 22500 km. The radius of Earth REis 6370 km. (a) What is the ratio of the potential energy of satellite B to that of satellite A, in orbit? (b) What is the ratio of the kinetic energy of satellite B to that of satellite A, in orbit? (c) Which satellite (answer A or B) has the greater total energy if each has a mass of 11.7 kg? (d) By how much?arrow_forward
- An earth-like planet with a mass of 6.00×1024 kg has a space station of mass 4.60×104 kg orbiting it at a distance of 5.00×105 km. What is the gravitational potential energy between the space station and the planet? (We can simplify the Gravitational Constant G to 6.7x10-11 Nm2/kg) (calculate in J)arrow_forwardHow much energy is required to lift a 10 kg rock from the surface of the Earth and place it in a circular orbit just 10 km above sea level? Assume Earth's radius is about 6371 km.arrow_forwardA satellite orbits a planet of unknown mass in a circle of radius 2 × 107 m. The magnitude of the gravitational force on the satellite from the planet is F = 80 N. a) What is the kinetic energy of the satellite in this orbit? b) What would F be if the orbit radius were increased to 3 x 107 m?arrow_forward
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