The Fermilab accelerator in Illinois was designed to bombard stationary targets with 800 GeV protons. (a) What is the available energy Ea in a proton-proton collision? (b) What is Ea if the beam energy is increased to 980 GeV?

The Fermilab accelerator in Illinois was designed to bombard stationary targets with 800 GeV protons. (a) What is the available energy Ea in a proton-proton collision? (b) What is Ea if the beam energy is increased to 980 GeV?

University Physics Volume 3

17th Edition

ISBN:9781938168185

Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Chapter5: Relativity

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 71P: (a) Beta decay is nuclear decay in which an electron is emitted. If the electron is given 0.750 MeV...

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If the rest energies of a proton and a neutron (the two constituents of nuclei) are 938.3 and 939.6 MeV, what is the difference in their mass in kilograms?
(a) Beta decay is nuclear decay in which an electron is emitted. If the electron is given 0.750 MeV of kinetic energy, what is its velocity? (b) Comment on how the high velocity is consistent with the kinetic energy as it compares to the rest mass energy of the electron.
A Λ0 particle at rest decays into a proton and a π- meson. (a) Use the data as shown to find the Q value for this decay in MeV. (b) What is the total kinetic energy shared by the proton and the π- meson after the decay? (c) What is the total momentum shared by the proton and the π- meson? (d) The proton and the π- meson have momenta with the same magnitude after the decay. Do they have equal kinetic energies? Explain.
A 2.00-GeV proton hits another 2.00-GeV proton in a headon collision. (a) Calculate υ, β, p, Κ, and E for each of the initial protons. (b) What happens to the kinetic energy?
The intensity of cosmic ray radiation decreases rapidly with increasing energy, but there are occasionally extremely energetic cosmic rays that create a shower of radiation from all the particles they create by striking a nucleus in the atmosphere as seen in the figure given below. Suppose a cosmic ray particle having an energy of 1010 GeV converts its energy into particles with masses averaging 200 MeV/c2 . (a) How many particles are created? (b) If the particles rain down on a 1.00-km2 area, how many particles are there per square meter?
In a collision experiment, a proton at rest is struck by an antiproton. (a) What is the minimum kinetic energy of the antiproton if the available energy is 2.00 TeV? (b) If a colliding beam is used instead of a stationary target, what minimum kinetic energy for each beam is required for an available energy of 2.00 TeV?
The nuclear potential energy betweenthe proton and the neutron in a deuteriumnucleus (a hydrogen nucleus with a neutron)has an average value of 2.224 MeV. By howmuch does this interaction change the mass ofthe combined system in MeV/c 2 and kg? Whatis this as a fraction of the combined mass of theproton and the neutron?
The range of the nuclear strong force is believed to be about 1.2 x 10-15 m. An early theory of nuclear physics proposed that the particle that “mediates” the strong force (similar to the photon mediating the electromagnetic force) is the pion. Assume that the pion moves at the speed of light in the nucleus, and calculate the time ∆t it takes to travel between nucleons. Assume that the distance between nucleons is also about 1.2 x 10-15 m. Use this time ∆t to calculate the energy ∆E for which energy conservation is violated during the time ∆t. This ∆E has been used to estimate the mass of the pion. What value do you determine for the mass? Compare this value with the measured value of 135 MeV/c2 for the neutral pion.
A chain of nuclear reactions in the Sun’s core converts four protons into a helium nucleus. (a) What is the mass difference between four protons and a helium nucleus? (b) How much energy in MeV is released during the conversion of four protons into a helium nucleus?
= Consider a proton that is incident on a target proton (at rest). What is the threshold energy needed to produce a Higg's Boson. Use the following estimates of the masses: mp 1 [GeV] and mµ = 125 [GeV]. The Higgs boson will eventually decay into leptons and protons (a particle physicist will tell you that the Higgs boson will decay through different channels). The threshold energy is the minimum energy needed for all these processes (channels) to be observed as confirmed in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
A 3 MVolt Van de Graff accelerator is used to accelerate protons (p), deuterons (d), ³He, and alpha particles (α). (a) What is the maximum energy for each of these particle types?
If a muon at rest decays into an electron and two neutrinos, what is the total kinetic energy of the decay products? Assume that the neutrinos have zero rest mass. Express your answer in millions of electron volts to four significant figures.