The experimental and control groups differ on the dependent measure. Which result of an inferential statistic would indicate a statistically significant result? Select one: a. p > .50 b. p > .05 c. p < .05 d. p < .50

In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer. In the following data pairs, A represents the cost of living index for utilities and B represents the cost of living index for transportation. The data are paired by metropolitan areas in the United States. A random sample of 46 metropolitan areas gave the following information.

In this problem, assume that the distribution of differences is approximately normal. Note: For degrees of freedom d.f. not in the Student's t table, use the closest d.f. that is smaller. In some situations, this choice of d.f. may increase the P-value by a small amount and therefore produce a slightly more "conservative" answer. In the following data pairs, A represents the cost of living index for utilities and B represents the cost of living index for transportation. The data are paired by metropolitan areas in the United States. A random sample of 46 metropolitan areas gave the following information. Do the data indicate that the U.S. population mean cost of living index for utilities is less than that for transportation in these areas? Use α = 0.05. (Let d = A − B.) (a) What is the level of significance?   (b)What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

he level of cretaine phosphokinase (CPK) in blood samples measures the amount of muscle damage for athletes. At Jock State University, the level of CPK was determined for each of 25 football players and 15 soccer players before and after practice. The two groups of athletes are trained independently. The data summary is as follows :   For football players: Data for Football players n=25 Before Practice After Practice Difference (Before-After) Mean 254.73 225.6 29.13 Standard deviation 115.5 132.6 21.00   For soccer players: Data for Soccer players n=15 Before Practice After Practice Difference (Before-After) Mean 177.1 173.8 3.3 Standard deviation 60.7 64.4 6.88   Assume that all the data above are normal  Test the claim that the mean CPK level has DECREASED for soccer players AFTER exercise (compared to the mean BEFORE exercise), using α=0.10.  AFTER practice, do football players have a DIFFERENT mean CPK values compared to soccer players? Test this claim by…