The enzymes mentioned below are used as tools during cloning, DNA sequencing and/or gene therapy. Explain what they are used for. Also mention the actual biological function of the respective enzymes. 1) RNaseH

Restriction maps illustrate the lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites. Which of the following information can be gathered from the analysis of restriction maps? Select all that apply.   a gene sequence b presence of mutations c nucleotide sequence d disease identification

PCR is quick, efficient and easy to perform. However, there are some situations when cell-based cloning is preferred over PCR to amplify a DNA sequence. Mention two of them.

Bacteria are the most common GMOs because their simple structure permits easy manipulation of their DNA. This manipulation or genetic modification can be completed by series of steps and processes. Using the diagram below, explain the process of how a transgenic bacterium is used in producing large quantity of genetically-engineered insulin for humans which has helped a lot of diabetic patients.

a. Explain why the PCR is unlikely to amplify contaminatingbacterial DNA in a sample of human DNA. b. Explain how PCR could be used to pick a gene out of a complexgenome and amplify it.

As part of the steps necessary to clone a human gene with multiple introns (so it can be expressed in a bacterial cell, which does not have the enzyme for RNA splicing), the intron sequences have to be removed first. Explain how such an intronless human gene for cloning is made.

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Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase are key components when preparing cloning vectors. True or False.

Please explain the different type of mutations and how do they  occur?

When performing cloning experiments, it is not always necessary to treat sources of DNA with the same restriction enzyme. For example, DNA treated with EcoRI can be combined with DNA from a treatment using FunII. Explain why this is possible.