The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of chloroplasts from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except: the presence of enzymes for the light-dependent and the dark reactions of photosynthesis the presence of circular DNA resembling that of photosynthetic eubacteria the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the cyanobacteria their use of mitosis rather than binary fission during cell division the presence of 70s ribosomes, consisting of 30s and 50s ribosomal subunits

14) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. B) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. C) an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus. D) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

Isoprene serves as a building block not only for the hydrocarbons observed in archaeal membranes but also for sterols, carotenoids, retinal, and quinones. Use any resources necessary to identify the function of these other isoprene-based molecules and to determine their distribution in nature. What does the use of isoprene to make this diverse array of molecules suggest about the nature of the last universal common ancestor (LUCA)?

11:40 Commensalistic relationships are hard to define in relation to prokaryotes because O It can be difficult to determine the benefits derived by the prokaryotes O It can be difficult to determine when one species is benefiting while the other is unaffected O Most prokaryotic relationships with multicellular species are parasitic due to the pathogenic nature of prokaryotes O It can be difficult to prove that the prokaryote is not causing harm to the host species

Eukaryotes are sometimes termed nature’s master builders. Why is this a more apt description for members of the Eukaryotic branch tree of life than Prokaryotic branches life?

. The endosymbiotic hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria from gram-negative prokaryotes is supported by all of the following lines of evidence except: A. the presence of enzymes for the Krebs cycle, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylation the presence of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA similar to that of the a-proteobacteria the presence of 80s ribosomes, consisting of 40s and 60s ribosomal subunits the presence of circular DNA resembling that of aerobic proteobacteria their use of binary fission rather than mitosis during cell division

please answer both subquestions

How did the evolution of oxygen-releasing photosynthesis in cyanobacteria increase the likelihood that mitochondria would one day evolve?

Briefly explain how the eukaryotic cell could have evolved fromprokaryotic ones.

According to Philip Bell’s viral eukaryogenesis hypothesis, genes for the glycolytic pathway, theKrebs cycle, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylation were all provided by:A. an endosymbiotic gram-negative eubacteriumB. an endosymbiotic archaeobacteriumC. a gram-positive eubacterial host cellD. a double-stranded DNA virusE. an archaeobacterial host cell