The drawing shows a horizontal ray of white light incident perpendicularly on the vertical face of a prism made of crown glass. The ray enters the prism, and part of the light undergoes refraction at the slanted face and emerges into the surrounding material. The rest of the light is totally internally reflected and exits through the horizontal base of the prism. The colors of light that emerge from the slanted face of the prism may be chosen by altering the index of refraction of the material surrounding the prism. Find the required index of refraction of the surrounding material so that (a) only red light and (b) all colors except violet emerge from the slanted face of the prism. Take n = 1.520 for crown glass for red light, and n = 1.538 for crown glass for violet light. (a) Number i (b) Number i Units Units 45.00⁰ 90.00⁰

The figure shows an optical fiber in which a central plastic core of index of refraction n1 = 1.60 is surrounded by a plastic sheath of index of refraction n2 = 1.52. Light can travel along different paths within the central core, leading to different travel times through the fiber. This causes an initially short pulse of light to spread as it travels along the fiber, resulting in information loss. Consider light that travels directly along the central axis of the fiber and light that is repeatedly reflected at the critical angle along the core-sheath interface, reflecting from side to side as it travels down the central core. If the fiber length is 370 m, what is the difference in the travel times along these two routes? NUmber i 99 Units ns

Using filters, a physicist has created a beam of light that consists of three wavelengths: 400 nm (violet), 500 nm (green), and 650 nm (red). He aims the beam so that it passes through air and then enters a block of crown glass. The beam enters the glass at an incidence angle of 0, = 43.8°. The glass block has the following indices of refraction for the respective wavelengths in the light beam. wavelength (nm) 400 500 650 index of refraction n 400 nm = 1.53 n 500 nr = 1.52 n650 nm = 1.51 (a) Upon entering the glass, are all three wavelengths refracted equally, or is one bent more than the others? 400 nm light is bent the most 500 nm light is bent the most 650 nm light is bent the most all colors are refracted alike (b) What are the respective angles of refraction (in degrees) for the three wavelengths? (Enter each value to at least two decimal places.) (i) O400 nm (ii) O500 nm (iii) O650 n O nm

A beaker with a mirrored bottom is filled with a liquid whose index of refraction is nliq = 2.37. A light ray from air strikes the top surface of the liquid at an incident angle θin = 72.9° from the normal line to the liquid surface, as shown in the figure. What is the refraction angleθ1 of the light ray as it enters the liquid (in degrees; remember to use the scientific notation of numbers)?

Air has an index of refraction of 1.00. Water has an index of refraction of 1.33. Consider a pool of water that is perfectly calm and 3.21 meters deep. A ray of light (or a laser beam, if you like) enters the water, refracts, and ultimately hits the bottom of the pool. Find the distance between the point where the light enters the water and the point where the light hits the bottom of the pool if the angle between the ray in air and the surface of the pool is 46.4 degrees. Answer in meters.

A ray of light consisting of blue light (wavelength 480 nm) and red light (wavelength 670 nm) is incident on a thick piece of glass at 80°.  What is the angular separation between the refracted red and refracted blue beams while they are in the glass?  (The respective indices of refraction for the blue light and the red light are 1.4636 and 1.4561.) 0.27° 0.33° 0.36° 0.46° 0.54°

Using filters, a physicist has created a beam of light consisting of three wavelengths: 400 nm (violet), 500 nm (green), and 650 nm (red). She aims the beam so that it passes through air and then enters a block of crown glass. The beam enters the glass at an incidence angle of  ?1 = 31.5°. The glass block has the following indices of refraction for the respective wavelengths in the light beam. wavelength (nm) 400 500 650 index of refraction n400 nm = 1.53 n500 nm = 1.52 n650 nm = 1.51 (a) Upon entering the glass, are all three wavelengths refracted equally, or is one bent more than the others?   (b) What are the respective angles of refraction (in degrees) for the three wavelengths? (Enter each value to at least two decimal places.) (i) ?400 nm   (ii) ?500 nm   (iii) ?650 nm

In the figure, light is incident at angle θ1 = 37˚ on a boundary between two transparent materials. Some of the light travels down through the next three layers of transparent materials, while some of it reflects upward and then escapes into the air. If n1 = 1.26, n2 = 1.42, n3 = 1.32 and n4 = 1.45, what is the value of (a) θ5 and (b) θ4?

chapter 25: Problem 9: A beam of light moves through a slab of glass as shown in the figure. The index of refraction of the glass is ng = 1.5. The index of refraction of air is na = 1. The incident angle of the light is θi = 44°. a) If the refraction angle of the light at the upper surface of the slab is θ1, express sinθ1 in terms of θi, na, and ng.  b) The incident angle of the light on the lower surface of the slab is θ2. What is the relation between θ1 and θ2?  c) The refraction angle of the light on the lower surface of the slab is θf. Express sin(θf) in terms of θ2, na, and ng.