The below graph shows changes in several cardiovascular parameters as the result of increased intensity of exercise in a population of untrained individuals. What commonly measured cardiovascular parameters might the curves labeled A, B, and C represent? What are the corresponding units for the y-axis of each measure? For your reference, the two labeled curves represent the Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) and the Central Venous Pressure (CVP), both of which are measured in mmHg. 200 Right sided cardiac pressures (mmHg) 175 150- A 125 100- 75- 50- 30 20 10 - 0 20 40 60 80 Exercise intensity (% of maximum workload) A B C PCWP CVP 100 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 30 20 10 B C 1 Hour, 29 Minu

A 50-year-old man has a body weight of 110Kg, resting heart rate is 90bpm, arterial pressure is 120/70mm hematocrit is 35% and body temperature is normal. His pressure-volume diagram of the left ventricle is shown below. What is his ventricular ejection fraction?

1) Cardiac output of a man is 6,3 l/min in the state of rest, body surface —1,8 m2. Calculate cardiac index, and estimate its value.

An U.S. unit is being used to measure the patient’s heartbeat using a 10 MHz signal – if theDoppler signal is 700 Hz (as a result of the motion of the RBCs) and we assume scanning in softtissue and at a 60 degree angle, what is the velocity of the RBC’s at the Aorta?

Calculate %HRR for an individual (63 years old) who has a heart rate of 140 during running. The resting heart rate of this individual is 60 (HRmax= 208-0.7* age).

a cardiac ultrasound patient is found to have a left ventricle stroke output of 98mL and a resting heart rate of 65bpm, what is the patients cardiac output?

When given an image of a cardiac contractile cell, such as the one below, describe the steps that occur during excitation-contraction coupling (the "before step 1" step show with the squiggly red arrow below), contraction (steps 1-6 below) AND relaxation (steps 7-10 belowl). Be sure to fully describe the role of Ca¹² ATPase and Na+Ca+2 exchanger (NCX) in steps 9 and 101 ECF ICF SR Ca2+ RyR Cat sparks Ca signal Contraction Ca channel T-tubule 2 K ATP ATP 3 Na Ca²+ Sarcoplasmic reticulum Cat stores (SR) 3 Nat Ca NCX Relaxation Ca2+ Actin Myosin