The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 1.5 x 1011 m, whereas the average distance between the Earth and Mars is about 2.3 x 1011 m. Assume the usual convention that the gravitational potential energy referenced to the Earth is zero when infinitely far away, (a) What is the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Sun system? (b) What is the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Mars system? (c) Describe how these values indicate that the Sun has a greater effect on the Earth's motion than Mars does. What is the most dominant factor that causes the Sun to have the greater effect?

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The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 1.5 x 10 m, whereas the average distance between the Earth and Mars is about 2.3 x 10 m. Assume the usual convention that the gravítational
potential energy referenced to the Earth is zero when infinitely far away,
(a) What is the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Sun system?
(b) What is the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Mars system?
(c) Describe how these values indicate that the Sun has a greater effect on the Earth's motion than Mars does. What is the most dominant factor that causes the Sun to have the greater effect?
Transcribed Image Text:The average distance between the Earth and the Sun is about 1.5 x 10 m, whereas the average distance between the Earth and Mars is about 2.3 x 10 m. Assume the usual convention that the gravítational potential energy referenced to the Earth is zero when infinitely far away, (a) What is the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Sun system? (b) What is the gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Mars system? (c) Describe how these values indicate that the Sun has a greater effect on the Earth's motion than Mars does. What is the most dominant factor that causes the Sun to have the greater effect?
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