The average bond energy (enthalpy) for a C=C double bond is 614 kJ/molkJ/mol and that of a C−C single bond is 348 kJ/molkJ/mol. If it takes 4.42×10−19 J/molecule to break the C=C double bond. What is the longest wavelength λ of light that will provide photons of sufficient energy to break the π bond and cause the isomerization? Express your answer numerically in nanometers.

The four bonds of carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) are polar, but the molecule is nonpolar because the bond polarity is canceled by the symmetric tetrahedral shape. When other atoms substitute for some of the Cl atoms, the symmetry is broken and the molecule becomes polar. Use Figure 9.20 to rank the following molecules from the least polar to the most polar: CH,Br2, CF2CI2, CH2F2, CH2CI2, CBR4, CF2B12. (Type your answer using the format NH4 for NH4.) CB14 CF2BR2 x < CF2C2 < CH2B12 < CH2C12 < CH2F2

Give the electron geometry (eg), molecular geometry (mg), and hybridization for Cl 3. eg = tetrahedral; mg = trigonal pyramidal; sp3 eg = trigonal planar; mg = trigonal planar; sp2 eg = octahedral; mg = tetrahedral, sp3 eg = tetrahedral; mg = linear; sp3 O eg trigonal pyramidal; mg = linear; sp3

1. Neutrons as well as electrons and x-rays can be used to obtain information about molecular structure through diffraction patterns. What must the velocity of a neutron be for its de Broglie wavelength to be about five times smaller than a bond length? How does this velocity compare (bigger, smaller, or the same) if electrons were diffracted? A typical bond length for C-C is 1.54Å (1.54 x 10-1ºm).

Calculate the (molar) energy of electrostatic repulsion between two hydrogen nuclei at the separation in H2 (74.1 pm). The result is the energy that must be overcome by the attraction from the electrons that form the bond. Does the gravitational attraction between the nuclei play any significant role? Hint: The gravitational potential energy of two masses is equal to −Gm1m2/r; the gravitational constant G is listed inside the front cover.

Consider the molecular structure for linuron, an herbicide, provided in the questions below. How many pi bonds are in the molecule?

What is the molecular geometry on X in the following ion, if X is a nonmetal with four valence electrons and is less electronegative than oxygen. X204 Note this structure will have two central atoms, each with the same molecular geometry. tetrahedral bent O trigonal pyramidal trigonal planar

Bond Order and Bond Energy An unknown gas, X2(g), which behaves much like N2(g) (N=N), is analysed and the following enthalpies of formation are obtained: Gas ΔΗ X(g) 402 kJ/mol H(g) 217 kJ/mol X2H4(g) 199 kJ/mol We also know that the X-H bond energy is 334 kJ/mol. Use this information to estimate the X-X (single-)bond energy in the X2H4 molecule. Give your answer to the nearest 1 kJ/mol.

Iodine trichloride, ICl₃, is a bright yellow solid and an oxidizing agent. Based on your Lewis structure for ICl₃, how many electron domains are on the central atom?

Based on the bond energies for the reaction below, what is the enthalpy of the reaction? HCECH(g) + 5/2 0:(g)→ 2 CO:(g) + H:O(g) Single Bond 432 |kJ 411 346 N 386 305 167 459 358 201 142 CC 602 799 835 C 0 1072 Multiple Bonds 615 O=0 494 4. 6. 887 N N 942 3. 2.