The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) offers Standard Reference Materials to aid in the calibration of measurement instruments and verify the accuracy of measurements. Suppose a medical researcher wants to verify that the distances he measures with his computed tomography machine are not too large, so he orders a Dimensional Standard for Medical Computed Tomography from NIST.
This standard consists of 18 plastic balls held in place by a plastic support structure. The certified distance between the balls numbered 2 and 7 is 11.26 mm, and NIST determines that measurement errors are
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