Suppose you are designing a sliding window protocol for a 2Mbps point to point link to the moon, which has a one way latency of 10 sec. Assume that, each frame carries 1KB of data, what is the minimum number of bits you need for the sequence number?
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- Computer Science A Go-Back-N (GBN) ARQ scheme has been designed with window-size W = 10 such that it is fully efficient when there are no errors on the channel. Assume that frame size is 20000 bits and the overhead bits are negligible. What is the bit probability error (as seen at Layer 2) that makes the Go-Back-N ARQ 50% efficient?Consider TDM-based circuit switching with 8000 frames per second and 32 time slots per frame. During each time slot 8 bits are sent. What is the shortest time possible (in seconds) to transmit a 1 Mbyte file over the given link?Consider the following bit stream-a. 00000000 b. 11111111 c. 01010101 d. 00110011 Draw the graph of the i. NRZ-Iusing each of the given data streams, assuming that the last signal level has been positive. From thegraphs, guess the bandwidth for this scheme using the average number of changes in the signal level.
- AsapFor the following two (2) questions, assume that the link layer uses the flag bits with bit stuffing approach for framing, with the following details: The beginning and end of a data frame are indicated by the special flag bits 01111110 (i.e., 0x7E). To handle accidental occurrence of the flag bits within the data, a 0 bit is stuffed every time 5 consecutive 1s are found in the data. For simplicity, assume that no other header/trailer information is added to the data. 1. The following bit stream represents data that needs to be framed by the link layer on the sender’s side. Derive the resultant bit stream by adding necessary flag bits and performing bits stuffing. 0111110001010011111111100101111111111110 2. The following bit stream represents data received by the link layer of a computer. For simplicity, assume that there are no errors in the bit stream. Retrieve the original data from this received bit stream. 01111110010111101111101100101001111101101111110Consider a full-duplex 256 Kbps satellite link with a 240 millisecond end-to-end delay. The data frames carry a useful payload of size 12,000 bits. Assume that both ACK and data frames have 320 bits of header information, and that ACK frames carry no data. What is the effective data throughput When using sliding windows with a sender window size of W = 5 data frames?
- We compress the video with the pattern GoP (16 : 3) by using MPEG coding. Assume that the average compression ratios of frame I, frame P, and frame B are 1:5, 1:20, and 1:60, respectively. We put the compressed frames in 512 B packets and send them. The header size of each packet is 5% of the size of packet. Each packet contains information on one frame and its header, Each frame can be sent in multiple packets. Picture resolution is 196 × 144 for a video at 32 fps. (a)What is the compression ratio in this pattern? (b)What is the order of coding and transmitting frames in this pattern? (c)If frame 6 is lost while transmission, which frames will be faulty? (d)If frame 5 is lost while transmission, which frames will be faulty? (e)If frame 17 is lost while transmission, which frames will be faulty? (f)Find the size of uncompressed image frame? (g)In how many packets can an I-frame be transmitted on average? (h)In how many packets can an I-frame be transmitted on average? (i)In how many…Consider a full-duplex 256 Kbps satellite link with a 240 millisecond end-to-end delay. The data frames carry a useful payload of size 12,000 bits. Assume that both ACK and data frames have 320 bits of header information, and that ACK frames carry no data. What is the effective data throughput When using Stop and Wait?We have a 1000 m long 10 Mbps communication channel with ARQ protocol. The signal travels at a speed of 2 ∗ 10 ^ 8 ? / ?Assume that no frame is lost or damaged. Confirmation frames, control information are negligible in size.For what range of frame sizes do we get an efficiency of at least 70%?
- Computer A uses the Go-back-N ARQ protocol to send a 110 Mbytes file to computer B with a window size of 15. Given each frame carries 100K bytes data. How long does it take to send the whole file (the total time taken from A sending the first bit of the file until A receiving the last acknowledgment)? Given that the transmission rate of the link is 500 Mbps and the propagation time between A and B is 15ms. Assume no data or control frame is lost or damaged and ignore the overhead due to header and trailer.In a network, at physical layer, the sender sends the data in continuous binary stream towards receiver, the receiver get confused about how many bits to combine in order to make the frame because the frames are not of fixed size. What you will suggest to make it work properly, suggest a solution that works on any given string. Elaborate your answer with the help of example.Write a program to simulate the behavior of the CSMA/CD protocol over Ethernet when ther are N stations ready to transmit while a frame is being transmitted. Your program should report the times when each station successfully starts sending its frame. Assume that a clock tick occurs every slot time (51.2 microsec) and a collison detection and sending of a jamming sequence takes one slot time. All frames are the maximum length allowed.