Suppose the study described in the previous question was conducted by a colleague.  He tells you that based on a chi-square distribution with 2 degrees of freedom, his p-value was 0.11, and he concludes that the proportions are not the same across health status categories.  Do you agree with his conclusion? Yes, by rejecting the null hypothesis, it does appear that the proportions are not the same.     Yes.  He should have not rejected the null hypothesis and concluded that they do not appear to be related.     Yes. a p-value > 0.05 always indicates that variables are related regardless of the test conducted

Professor Nord stated that the mean score on the final exam from all the years he has been teaching is a 79%.  Colby was in his most recent class, and his class’s mean score on the final exam was 82%.  Colby decided to run a hypothesis test to determine if the mean score of his class was significantly greater than the mean score of the population.  α = .01. What is the mean score of the population? What is the mean score of the sample? Is this test one-tailed or two-tailed? Why?

What are the independent and dependent variables for the following examples? What statistical test would you use for each of the following scenarios? What would you set your alpha-level at? Sally wants to examine whether there is a difference in muscular strength between participants who engaged in an 8-week resistance training program and participants who engaged in an 8-week endurance training program. The participants only took part in one of the 8-week programs, not both. What test would she use to determine whether the differences in muscular strength are significant? Why?

Looking at youth depression scores from a general sample of random children in the US, we want to determine if our sample is significantly different than the national average of scores of children with depression in the US. The national average of scores on a measure of depression is 5 points. We have no reason to assume it will be higher or lower than the US national average. The sample:  11 9 12 3 3 4 13 1. What is the null and alternative hypotheses? Do not specify any directionality. 2. What did you discover (using 95% Cl)? Provide an interpretation.