Suppose that we have an economy with many identical households. There is a government that exogenously consumes some output and pays for it with lump sum taxes. Lifetime utility for a household is: U =InCt +ßlnCt+1 The household faces two within period budget constraints given by: Ct + St = Yt – Tt Ct+1 =Yt+1 - Tt+1 +(1+rt)St Use the Euler equation and intertemporal budget constraint to derive an expression for the consumption function. The government faces two within period budget constraints: (1) G_t + SG_t = T_t (2) G_(t+1) = T_(t+1) + (1 + r_t)SG_t In equilibrium, what must be true about S_t and SG_t?

The utility function of a certain consumer is U =(x1,x2)= x11/3 x22/3 , x 1and x 2 is the consumption of two kinds of goods, and the consumer's income is 100. The current prices of the two kinds of goods are P 1 =1 and P 2=2 respectively, ask:   1. If the price of the first commodity increases from 1 to 2, and other factors remain unchanged, what is the total effect of the price increase on the consumption of the first commodity? According to the Slutsky decomposition principle, what are the income effect and substitution effect?   2. Calculate the amount of income compensation that changes the price of the first commodity from 1 to 2, keeping the original effect unchanged

Suppose that there are T periods to maximize over. Show that the intertemporal budget constraint is Ct+2 Yt+2 Yt+1 (1+r) (1+r)² (1 + r)² Ct + Ct+1 (1 + r) + 2+...+ Ct+T+1 (1+r)² \ T = Yt + + +...+ Yt+T+1 (1+r)

Consider a consumer who can borrow or lend freely at an interest rate of 100% per period of time (think of the period as being, say, 30 years, a bit like with a mortgage). So r = 1.0, or 100%. The consumer's two-period utility function is: U = In(ct) + (1/2)In(Ct+1) The consumer earn Y=100 each period, so Y₁=100 and Yt+1 also equals 100. If this consumer is behaving optimally, trying to maximize her lifetime utility subject to the IBC, what's her consumption in period t?

Laffer curve  In the 1980s, president Reagan based his tax and spending policies on supply side eonomics. The idea behind supply side economics is the marginal tax rate is so high it discourages work. Cutting the tax rate would end up increasing tax revenue. We develop a simple model of this idea to determine the restrictions on the utility function required to generate a Laffer curve. Let T denote the tax rate, w is the real wage rate and n the labor supply. The tax revenue is T=wnT where wn is labor income, which is the tax base. For convinience assume w is constant. There is no reason for this assumption to be true, but we impose it to focus on the restrictions on the utility function to generate the Laffer curve. As the tax rate T increases, workers substitute towards leisure and away from consumption. Hence as T rises, wn falls and tax revenues falls for high enough tax rates. Let U,V satisfy the standard assumptions. The model is static and households are endowed with one unit of…

Eren’s two main hobbies are taking vacations overseas (V) and eating expensive meals (M). His utility function is given as: U(V,M) = V^2MLast year, the average price of taking a vacation overseas was US$200 and the average price of an expensive meal is $50. However, due to supply problems in Onions, the average price of an expensive meal rose to $75. The average price of a vacation did not change. His income, which is $1500, did not change.  Suppose that the Department of Welfare wants to know how much should be given to Eren to offset his change un utility due to the price increase of an expensive meal. Calculate the compensative variation (CV).

The one-period model with quasi-linear utility predicts that a decrease in marginal income tax rates could increase tax collection if:Group of answer choices Substitution effects dominate income effects so that the percent change in taxes is greater than the percent change in GDP Substitution effects dominate income effects so that the percent change in taxes is less than the percent change in GDP Income effect dominate substitution effects so that the percent change in taxes is less than the percent change in GDP Income effects dominate substitution effects so that the percent change in taxes is greater than the percent change in GDP

Fred is planning his consumption over two time periods. Fred's preferences for consumption in period and two can be represented by the following utility function: U(c,,c,) = C +(1+p) C" , where pis the subjective discount rate, and c;,c, is consumption in the first and second period. Fred's income in the first period is y, and grows by g % from the first period to the second period. Fred has access to perfect financial markets. The rate of interest is r>0. (a) Derive Fred's demand functions for consumption in the two periods as functions of p,r , y and g. (b) Derive Fred's demand for borrowing/saving as a function of p,r, y and g. (c) Give a condition involving the relationship between r and g for when Fred will borrow and when he will save.