Suppose that there are two goods (X and Y). The price of X is $2 per unit, and the price of Y IS S1 per unit. There are two consumers (A and B). The utility functions for the consumers are UA (X,Y) = X0.5 yo.5 UB (X,Y) = X 0.8 y.2 Consumer A has an income of $100, and Consumer B has an income of $300. a. Use a Lagrangian to solve the constrained utility-maximization problem for Consumer A. b. Use a Lagrangian to solve the constrained utility-maximization problem for Consumer B. C. Calculate the marginal rate of substitution of Y for X (X is increasing and Y is decreasing; MRSXY) for consumer A at his or her optimal consumption bundles. d. Calculate the marginal rate of substitution of Y for X for consumer B at his or her optimal consumption bundles. e. Suppose that there is another consumer (let's call her C). You don't know anything about her utility function or her income. All you know is that she consumes both goods. What do you know about C's marginal rate of substitution at her optimal consumption bundle? Why?

Q2. Suppose a consumer seeks to maximize the utility function U (x, y) = (x + 2) (y + 1), where and y represent the quantities of the two goods consumed. The prices of the two goods and the consumer's income are pa, py, and I. Write out the consumer's budget constraint and the Lagrangian function for the problem.

Suppose that a consumer has the utility function U(X,Y)= 2X 1/2 y 1/2 for X>0 and Y> 0. Which of the following utility functions would not represent the same preferences? U(X,Y)= 2(X + Y) 1/2 U(X,Y)=2x1/2y 1/2 - 100 O U(X,Y)= In 2 + InX+ In Y O U(X,Y)= X 1/2 y 1/2 O U(X, Y) = 4XY

For the utility function U = Qx^0.84Qy^(1-0.84) rate between good X and good Y at Qx= 7 and Qy=19 find the trade-off

Smith and Jones are stranded on a desert island. Each has in her possession some slices of ham (H) and cheese (C). Smith prefers to consume ham and cheese in the fixed proportion of 2 slices of cheese to each slice of ham. Her utility function is given by Us = min(10H, 5C). Jones, on the other hand, regards ham and cheese as substitutes – she is always willing to trade 3 slices of ham for 4 slices of cheese, and her utility function is given by UJ = 4H + 3C. Total endowments are 100 slices of ham and 200 slices of cheese. a. Draw the Edgeworth Box diagram for all possible exchanges in this situation. What is the contract curve for this exchange economy? b. Suppose Smith’s initial endowment is 40 slices of ham and 80 slices of cheese (Jones has the remaining ham and cheese as her initial endowment). What mutually beneficial trades are possible in this economy and what utility levels will Smith and Jones enjoy from such trades? c. Now imagine a new endowment in which Smith has 60 slices…

Two friends, Karol and Manuel, like to drink kombucha (x₁) and matcha (x₂). Both X₁ and X2 are expressed in ounces. The following utility function represents Karol's preferences: 1 1 2 2 u (x1, x2) = x1 x3 The following utility function represents Manuel's preferences: u (x₁, x2) = √√x1 + x2 Karol's income in dollars is denoted by mk, and Manuel's income is denoted by mm. Both face the same prices in the market, denoted by p₁ and p2, for kombucha and matcha, respectively. Both prices are expressed in dollars per ounce. Assume p₂=1 throughout the whole question. 1) Draw Karol's and Manuel's indifference curves in separate graphs and describe any important similarities or differences between the two.

2) Which of the following utility functions represent the same preferences? Explain. a) U (x₁, x₂) = X₁ X₂ b) W (x₁, x₂) = 5lnx₁ +5lnx₂ c) V (x₁, x₂) = x₁¹/3x₂ ¹/3 - 0.8 d) Z(x₁, x₂) = 0.5x₁ + 0.5x₂

1.2 Ann and Bob each own 10 bottles of beer and, altogether, they own 20 bags of peanuts. There are no other people and no other goods in the economy, and no production of either good is possible. Using a to denote bottles of beer and y to denote bags of peanuts, Ann's and Bob's preferences are described by the following utility functions: UA (XA, YA) = TAYA and UB (XB, YB) = 2xB+ YB. In each of the following cases, determine the market equilibrium price ratio and allocation and depict the equilibrium in an Edgeworth box diagram. (a) Bob owns 20 bags of peanuts and Ann owns no peanuts. (b) Bob owns 15 bags of peanuts and Ann owns 5 bags. (c) Ann owns 20 bags of peanuts and Bob owns no peanuts.

Allen has a utility function U=xy², where x is the consumption of apples and y is the consumption of bananas. Price of apple is 1 and price of bananas is 4. Allen has 30 dollars in his pocket, so how many apples and bananas will he purchase to maximize his utility? options: 10 apples and 5 bananas. 3 apples and 10 bananas. 30 apples only. none of above.