Suppose that a person with cancer has the following options: Do nothing: spend nothing and live two more years with each year worth 0.4 of a year in perfect health. Passive treatment: spend $40,000, live four more years with each year worth 0.5 of a year in perfect health. Aggressive treatment: spend $200,000, live ten more years with each year worth 0.6 of a year in perfect health. With adjustment for quality of life, which treatment (passive or aggressive) is most preferred to no treatment on cost-effectiveness grounds? Show your work

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Environmental health and hazards

An organism's environment is the environment in which it lives and has an impact on its well-being. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines environmental health as "those aspects of public health, such as quality of life, that are influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial components in the environment." Environmental health is concerned with both natural and man-made settings in order to enhance public health. Environmental science, occupational medicine, toxicology, and epidemiology are the key subdisciplines of environmental health.