Suppose that a DBMS recognizes increment, which increments an in- teger-valued object by 1, and decrement as actions, in addition to reads and writes. A transaction that increments an object need not know the value of the object; incre- ment and decrement are versions of blind writes. In addition to shared and exclusive locks, two special locks are supported: An object must be locked in I mode before incrementing it and locked in D mode before decrementing it. An I lock is compatible with another I or D lock on the same object, but not with S and X locks. 1. Illustrate how the use of I and D locks can increase concurrency. (Show a schedule allowed by Strict 2PL that only uses S and X locks. Explain how the use of I and D locks can allow more actions to be interleaved, while continuing to follow Strict 2PL.) 2. Informally explain how Strict 2PL guarantees serializability even in the presence of I and D locks. (Identify which pairs of actions conflict, in the sense that their relative order can affect the result, and show that the use of S, X, I, and D locks according to Strict 2PL orders all conflicting pairs of actions to be the same as the order in some serial schedule.)
Suppose that a DBMS recognizes increment, which increments an in- teger-valued object by 1, and decrement as actions, in addition to reads and writes. A transaction that increments an object need not know the value of the object; incre- ment and decrement are versions of blind writes. In addition to shared and exclusive locks, two special locks are supported: An object must be locked in I mode before incrementing it and locked in D mode before decrementing it. An I lock is compatible with another I or D lock on the same object, but not with S and X locks. 1. Illustrate how the use of I and D locks can increase concurrency. (Show a schedule allowed by Strict 2PL that only uses S and X locks. Explain how the use of I and D locks can allow more actions to be interleaved, while continuing to follow Strict 2PL.) 2. Informally explain how Strict 2PL guarantees serializability even in the presence of I and D locks. (Identify which pairs of actions conflict, in the sense that their relative order can affect the result, and show that the use of S, X, I, and D locks according to Strict 2PL orders all conflicting pairs of actions to be the same as the order in some serial schedule.)
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Chapter1: Introduction
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1PE
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