Suppose a math class contains 42 students, 18 females (six of whom speak French) and 24 males (four of whom speak French). Compute the probability that a randomly selected student is female, given that the student speaks French.

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**Conditional Probability in a Math Class**

In this example, we will explore conditional probability in the context of a math class.

**Problem Statement:**
Suppose a math class contains 42 students, with details as follows:
- There are 18 females.
  - Out of these 18 females, 6 speak French.
- There are 24 males.
  - Out of these 24 males, 4 speak French.
The total number of students who speak French (both male and female) is 10.

We need to compute the probability that a randomly selected student is female, given that the student speaks French.

**Let's break down the problem:**

1. **Total number of students:** 42
2. **Total number of females:** 18
3. **Total number of males:** 24
4. **Number of females who speak French:** 6
5. **Number of males who speak French:** 4
6. **Total number of students who speak French:** 6 (females) + 4 (males) = 10

**Approach to solve:**

To find the probability that a randomly selected student is female, given that the student speaks French, we use the formula for conditional probability:

\[ P(\text{Female} | \text{Speak French}) = \frac{P(\text{Female and Speak French})}{P(\text{Speak French})} \]

where:
- \( P(\text{Female and Speak French}) \) is the probability that a student is both female and speaks French.
- \( P(\text{Speak French}) \) is the probability that a student speaks French.

**Calculations:**

1. \( P(\text{Female and Speak French}) = \frac{\text{Number of females who speak French}}{\text{Total number of students}} = \frac{6}{42} = \frac{1}{7} \)
2. \( P(\text{Speak French}) = \frac{\text{Total number of students who speak French}}{\text{Total number of students}} = \frac{10}{42} = \frac{5}{21} \)

So,

\[ P(\text{Female} | \text{Speak French}) = \frac{P(\text{Female and Speak French})}{P(\text{Speak French})} = \frac{\frac{1}{7}}{\frac{5
Transcribed Image Text:**Conditional Probability in a Math Class** In this example, we will explore conditional probability in the context of a math class. **Problem Statement:** Suppose a math class contains 42 students, with details as follows: - There are 18 females. - Out of these 18 females, 6 speak French. - There are 24 males. - Out of these 24 males, 4 speak French. The total number of students who speak French (both male and female) is 10. We need to compute the probability that a randomly selected student is female, given that the student speaks French. **Let's break down the problem:** 1. **Total number of students:** 42 2. **Total number of females:** 18 3. **Total number of males:** 24 4. **Number of females who speak French:** 6 5. **Number of males who speak French:** 4 6. **Total number of students who speak French:** 6 (females) + 4 (males) = 10 **Approach to solve:** To find the probability that a randomly selected student is female, given that the student speaks French, we use the formula for conditional probability: \[ P(\text{Female} | \text{Speak French}) = \frac{P(\text{Female and Speak French})}{P(\text{Speak French})} \] where: - \( P(\text{Female and Speak French}) \) is the probability that a student is both female and speaks French. - \( P(\text{Speak French}) \) is the probability that a student speaks French. **Calculations:** 1. \( P(\text{Female and Speak French}) = \frac{\text{Number of females who speak French}}{\text{Total number of students}} = \frac{6}{42} = \frac{1}{7} \) 2. \( P(\text{Speak French}) = \frac{\text{Total number of students who speak French}}{\text{Total number of students}} = \frac{10}{42} = \frac{5}{21} \) So, \[ P(\text{Female} | \text{Speak French}) = \frac{P(\text{Female and Speak French})}{P(\text{Speak French})} = \frac{\frac{1}{7}}{\frac{5
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