sulfur and 0.7% ash by mass. There are no other elements in the bio-oil. The HHV of this fuel is measured at 41,000 kJ/kg at 373.15K. The latent heat of vaporization of water is 2260 kJ/kg. Calculate its low heating value (LHV) at 373.15K. Show a detailed calculation. Note: “by mass' means the same as “by weight" in this context

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Hazard Analysis and Design in Chemical Engineering

Hazard is the intrinsic property of a material or process which harms the people, buildings, or environment. Health, safety, hazard, risk assessment, loss prevention, and environmental consideration play an important role while designing a chemical processing plant. Hazard is often confused with risk. Risk measures the magnitude of loss and injury of likelihood incidents or the consequence and frequency of incidents.