Starting material: A true-breeding strain of red-eyed fruit flies plus one white-eyed male fly that was discovered in the culture. Experimental level Conceptual level xwY x xwxw 1. Cross the white-eyed male to a true-breeding red-eyed female. P generation 2. Record the results of the F1 generation. F1 generation This involves noting the eye color and sex of many offspring. male offspring and X X" female offspring, both with red eyes x XW X" XWY хwү1Х**ҳ* I red-eyed male : 1 white-eyed male : 2 red-eyed females X"'X" 3. Cross F1 offspring with each other to obtain F2 offspring. Also record the F2 generation eye color and sex of the F2 offspring. 4. In a separate experiment, perform a testcross between a white-eyed male from the F2 generation and a red-eyed female from the F1 generation. Record the results. X" Yx X" X" | X"'Y I X" Y: I X"X" : 1 X"X"| red-eyed male : 1 white-eyed male : I red-eyed female : white-eyed female

You are working with a hypothetical fly and have found color and wing mutants. Preliminary work indicates that the mutant traits are recessive and the associated genes are not sex-linked, but beyond that, you have no information. You first look at 2 genes, each with 2 alleles. "B" or “b" for body color and "W" or "w" for wing surface. The red-body phenotype is dominant to the yellow-body phenotype and smooth wings are dominant to crinkled wings.

In the fruit fly, dumpy wings (d) and purple eyes (p) are encoded by mutant alleles that are recessive to those that produce wild type traits; long wings (d+) and red eyes (p+). These two genes are on the same chromosome. In a particular lab, two researchers Walt and Jesse crossed a fly homozygous for dumpy wings and purple eyes with a fly homozygous for the wild type traits. The F1 progeny, which had long wings and red eyes, was then crossed with flies that had dumpy wings and purple eyes. Unfortunately, the progeny of this cross somehow escaped. To prevent their other projects from contamination, they decided to spend an exceptionally boring hour in the lab catching and counting the progeny and found the following:   long wings, red eyes – 482 dumpy wings, purple eyes – 473 long wings, purple eyes – 23 dumpy wings, red eyes - 22   What is the genetic distance between these two loci? a. 4.5 cM b. 55 cM c. 45 cM d. 49.5 cM  e. 4.7 cM

A researcher crosses two white-flowered lines ofAntirrhinum plants as follows and obtains the followingresults:pure line 1 × pure line 2↓F1 all whiteF1 × F1↓F2 131 white29 reda. Deduce the inheritance of these phenotypes; useclearly defined gene symbols. Give the genotypes ofthe parents, F1, and F2.b. Predict the outcome of crosses of the F1 with eachparental line.