Stabilizing selection happens when Large and small values of a trait are selected against Medium values of a trait are selected against O Only large OR small values of a trait are selected against

The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN cannot receive blood transfusions from either MM or NN people (b) the MM, MN, and NN genotype frequencies can be observed directly and compared with calculated expected frequencies (c) the M allele is dominant to the N allele (d) people with the MN genotype exhibit frequency-dependent selection (e) people with the MN genotype exhibit heterozygote advantage

Describe the similarities and differences between the stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection models.

How is the response to selection related to narrow-sense heritability andthe selection differential? What information does the response toselection provide?

. A chicken breeder is working with a population in whichthe mean number of eggs laid per hen in one month is 28and the variance is 5 eggs2. The narrow-sense heritabilityis known to be 0.8. Given this information, can the breeder expect that the population will respond to selectionfor an increase in the number of eggs per hen in the nextgeneration?a. No, applying selection is always risky and a breedernever knows what to expect.b. No, a breeder needs to know the broad-senseheritability to know what to expect.c. Yes, since the narrow-sense heritability is close to1 (0.8), then we would expect selective breeding couldlead to increased egg production in the next generation.d. Yes, since the variance is greater than 0.e. Both c and d are correct.

Two traits with similar phenotypic variance exist in apopulation. One trait has two major genes and sixminor loci that influence the phenotypic value, andthe second trait has 12 minor loci and no major genesaffecting the phenotypic value. Does this informationtell you which trait you should expect to respondmost consistently to selection? Explain why it doesor does not.

You observe some bark beetles with different feeding behaviors. You find that the behavioral phenotypes you observed are closely associated with the following genotypes.   genotype phenotype number observed BB feeds under bark 60 Bb feeds on top of bark 24 bb feeds on leaves 16     a) What are the allele frequencies and the expected number (out of 100 beetles) of genotypes? b) Calculate the Chi-Squared value (c2). Then look up the p-value only using this Chi-squared calculator: https://www.mathsisfun.com/data//chi-square-calculator.html    Clear all the values in the box at upper right, enter the Chi Square value that you obtain FROM YOUR CALCULATIONS in the Chi-Square box, and enter 1 for the degrees of freedom. Is the population in H-W equilibrium?   c) If you answered “No” to b): Provide at least three biologically valid reasons why the observed beetle population may not be in equilibrium.   If you answered “Yes” to b): Why do you think this…

Describe the similarities and differences among directional, balancing, disruptive, and stabilizing selection.

Genetic equilibrium means that ... O the distribution of alleles is not changing from generation to generation The distribution of alleles is changing from generation to generation O the gene pool is not affected by a catastrophic event O the gene pools is not affected by selective agents

You observe some bark beetles with different feeding behaviors. You find that the behavioral phenotypes you observed are closely associated with the following genotypes.   genotype phenotype number observed BB feeds under bark 60 Bb feeds on top of bark 24 bb feeds on leaves 16     a) What are the allele frequencies and the expected number (out of 100 beetles) of genotypes? b) Calculate the Chi-Squared value (c2). Then look up the p-value using this Chi-squared calculator: https://www.mathsisfun.com/data//chi-square-calculator.html   Enter “1” for Degrees of Freedom. (There are 3 genotype categories, but only 1 DF because they are not fully independent—calculated from just 2 allele frequencies). The p-value is the probability that you would see the deviance you observed by chance, assuming the null hypothesis is true). Report both values.  Is the population in H-W equilibrium?   c) If you answered “No” to b): Provide at least three biologically…