st species of clingfish (family Gobiesocidae), pelvic and pectoral fins converge to form a suction cup edged by hairy structures that allow a good seal even on rough surfaces. Experiments have shown that a clingfish's suction cup can support up to 230 times the fish's body weight. Suppose a 28.0 g northern clingfish has a suction cup disk area of 15.5 cm? and the ambient water pressure is 1.20 x 10^5 Pa. What ratio of the pressure inside the suction cup to the ambient pressure allows the fish t

A spherical submersible 2.00 m in radius, armed with multiple cameras, descends under water in a region of the Atlantic Ocean known for shipwrecks and finds its first shipwreck at a depth of 1.75 103 m. Seawater has density 1.03 103 kg/m3, and the air pressure at the oceans surface is 1.013 105 Pa. a. What is the absolute pressure at the depth of the shipwreck? b. What is the buoyant force on the submersible at the depth of the shipwreck?

(a) Calculate the absolute pressure at an ocean depth of 1 000 m. Assume the density of seawater is 1 030 kg/m3 and the air above exerts a pressure of 101.3 kPa. (b) At this depth, what is the buoyant force on a spherical submarine having a diameter of 5.00 m?

A manometer is shown in Figure P15.36. Rank the pressures at the five locations indicated from highest to lowest. Indicate equal pressures, if any. FIGURE P15.36

A manometer containing water with one end connected to a container of gas has a column height difference of 0.60 m (Fig. P15.72). If the atmospheric pressure on the right column is 1.01 105 Pa, find the absolute pressure of the gas in the container. The density of water is 1.0 103 kg/m3. FIGURE P15.72

Review. In a water pistol, a piston drives water through a large tube of area A1 into a smaller tube of area A2 as shown in Figure P14.46. The radius of the large tube is 1.00 cm and that of the small tube is 1.00 mm. The smaller tube is 3.00 cm above the larger tube. (a) If the pistol is fired horizontally at a height of 1.50 m, determine the time interval required for the water to travel from the nozzle to the ground. Neglect air resistance and assume atmospheric pressure is 1.00 atm. (b) If the desired range of the stream is 8.00 m, with what speed v2 must the stream leave the nozzle? (c) At what speed v1 must the plunger be moved to achieve the desired range? (d) What is the pressure at the nozzle? (e) Find the pressure needed in the larger tube. (f) Calculate the force that must be exerted on the trigger to achieve the desired range. (The force that must be exerted is due to pressure over and above atmospheric pressure.) Figure P14.46

Figure P15.52 shows a Venturi meter, which may be used to measure the speed of a fluid. It consists of a Venturi tube through which the fluid moves and a manometer used to measure the pressure difference between regions 1 and 2. The fluid of density tube moves from left to right in the Venturi tube. Its speed in region 1 is v1, and its speed in region 2 is v2. The necks cross-sectional area is A2, and the cross-sectional area of the rest of the tube is A1. The manometer contains a fluid of density mano. a. Do you expect the fluid to be higher on the left side or the right side of the manometer? b. The speed v2 of the fluid in the neck comes from measuring the difference between the heights (yR yL) of the fluid on the two sides of manometer. Derive an expression for v2 in terms of (yR yL), A1, A2, tube, and mano. FIGURE P15.52

Liquid toxic waste with a density of 1752 kg/m3 is flowing through a section of pipe with a radius of 0.312 m at a velocity of 1.64 m/s. a. What is the velocity of the waste after it goes through a constriction and enters a second section of pipe with a radius of 0.222 m? b. If the waste is under a pressure of 850,000 Pa in the first section of pipe, what is the pressure in the second (constricted) section of pipe?

An airplane has a mass M, and the two wings have a total area A. During level flight, the pressure on the lower wing surface is P1. Determine the pressure P2 on the upper wing surface.

A U-tube open at both ends is partially filled with water (Fig. P15.67a). Oil having a density 750 kg/m3 is then poured into the right arm and forms a column L = 5.00 cm high (Fig. P15.67b). (a) Determine the difference h in the heights of the two liquid surfaces. (b) The right arm is then shielded from any air motion while air is blown across the top of the left arm until the surfaces of the two liquids are at the same height (Fig. P15.67c). Determine the speed of the air being blown across the left arm. Take the density of air as constant at 1.20 kg/m3.