Sponges No true tissues Cnidarians Radial symmetry Ancestral protist Molluscs Figure 17.6 An overview of animal phylogeny. Only 9 of the more than 30 animal Flatworms Tissues Annelids phyla (the exact number is not agreed upon) are included in the tree and in the text. The branching takes into account the Roundworms body plan, embryonic development, and genetic relationships of the organisms. Arthropods Bilateral symmetry Echinoderms Chordates

Below is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine teeth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct?       The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore.     The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore.     It is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H.     For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology.     IF the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy.

In the phylogeny below, the origin of which trait could be indicated by the letter B? A single temporal opening on the side of the skull Extra-embryonic membranes A placenta Jaws Hair and mammary glands lungfish frogs salamanders caecilians parareptiles turtles lizards mosasaurs snakes ichthyosaurs plesiosaurs crocodiles ornithisichian dinosaurs non-avian saurischian dinosaurs birds eothyridids caseids varanopids ophiacodontids edaphosaurids sphenacodontids biarmosuchians dinocephalians squopowoue gorgonopsians therocephalians snupeubossejeyɔ Probainognathus uopouoɔous marsupial: monotremes placentals

Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply.   A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree.     B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor.     C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species.     D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles.     E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.