Some RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase enzymes make a lot of mistakes. Why would this work to the advantage of a virus in terms of how effective a vaccine might be?

Q: There is interest in producing vaccines in foods. What would be the advantages of having a vaccine…

A: Recombinant DNA technology is a technique that genetically altered vector is introduced and…

Q: Do we need vaccines or not? Can you please fully explaine that yes or not and why giving biological…

A: Importance of vaccines

Q: Explain strategies for vaccine development; include in your answerthe primary drawbacks to…

A: Vaccines are preparations of whole pathogen or antigenic parts of the pathogen, which are…

Q: Explain why retroviruses are often considered to be more dangerous than other types of vi uses, and…

A: According to the question, we have to describe why retroviruses are often considered to be more…

Q: Discuss in detail, how you would produce egg based vaccines for influenza virus.

A: The most common way that flu vaccines are made is using an egg-based manufacturing process.

Q: Important of taking Covid 19 vaccine

A: Covid-19 is a novel flu virus type that emerged at the end of 2019 and spread across globally as…

Q: Which of the following viruses have been used as vectors for gene delivery?

A: Gene delivery is a process of introducing the foreign genetic materials which are DNA and RNA into…

Q: Why do you think washing hands with soap and water can help fight against coronavirus?(hint Think…

A: Coronaviruses are a category of RNA viruses associated with birds and mammals that cause infections.…

Q: Explain why only a virulent virus (like T4 phage), rather than a temperate virus, can be used in our…

A: If a virulent phage infects its host, it will produce more progeny as soon as phage DNA is injected…

Q: you want to design a vaccine that contains DNA that can fight against new variant (MU) of COVID-19…

A: A DNA vaccine induces an immune response by transfecting a specific antigen-coding DNA sequence into…

Q: Do you think it is important in a clinical trial to have Moderna vaccine and placebo be similar? Why…

A: A vaccine is synthesized cocktail of substances which also resembles an antigen or foreign bacteria…

Q: Which of the following sequences is in the correct order (smallest to largest): A B connexon, gap…

A: Gap junctions are found between two adjacent animal cells. These cells allow for transport or…

Q: The image of the virus as shown below is part of the family of O ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE O POXVIRIDAE O…

A: The basic components of a viral particle include nucleic acid and nucleocapsid. The capsid protects…

Q: 6. Variations of the plaque assay can be used to determine the number of animal viruses from a…

A: There are few points about Plaque assay : When treated with the lawn of susceptible cells , a…

Q: Explain several issues we have with HIV vaccine development. Why haven’t we been able to produce a…

A: HIV stands for Human Immuno Virus. It is a virus that infects T helper cells of immune system and…

Q: 11) The difference between SARS-Cov2 replication and FMDV replication? The antigenomic copy in…

A: Sars coronavirus disease 19 is a disease caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2 and was discovered in…

Q: The image of the virus as shown below is part of the family of O FILOVIRIDAE O HEPADNAVIRIDAE…

A: Some viruses are covered with envelope proteins. This envelope serves as the protective cover of the…

Q: Select the likely mechanism of action for this viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A: Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), and ribonucleic…

Q: Now read this article The explosion of new coronavirus tests that could help to end the…

A: Barcoding- Detects viral RNA, uses Next-gen sequencing to amplify viral RNA and can work on many…

Q: The T helper cell is killed New HIV virions are assembled New HIV buds off the T helper cell getting…

A: The HIV infection cycle involves a complex mechanism where the host cellular machinery replicates…

Q: Which of the following is NOT one of the ways that vaccines are produced? O Weakened Viruses O Dead…

A: Vaccine: A vaccination is a biological substance that gives active acquired immunity against a…

Q: 1. Use influenza as an example to explain why immune pathology significant, and why current…

A: The intricate interplay between viruses and the immune system regularly shapes the course of…

Q: ach virus bind to a specific cell surface receptor for attachment, so prevention of viral attachment…

A: Microorganisms or microbes are tangible objects that appear under a microscope. Large groups of…

Q: Which cells are the main target for HIV?

A: HIV replication starts when the virus reproduces itself. HIV involves CD4 cells for replication.…

Q: Viral vaccines O a. None O b. Only attenuated viruses can be used O c. Not safe O d. Not available

A: The immune system of the body fight against various serious diseases. The diseases are caused by…

Q: Should animals be utilized in viral pathogenesis research? Why or why not?  Need at least a full…

A:

Q: Describe how you would go about step-wise using the biotechnology available (RNA sequencing, PCR,…

A: The most efficient strategy for disease prevention and control is vaccination, which involves the…

Q: Which TWO statements regarding viral infection are TRUE? O Viral particles may be shed during the…

A: Viral infection Proliferation of a harmful virus within the body. Viruses cannot reproduce without…

Q: I’m stuck on this for biology homework I need help! A company was testing a new drug thought would…

A: A hypothesis statement includes a statement based on some evidence. This must be a clear and concise…

Q: A. How would a virus look under darkfield microscopy? B. Before a virulent virus can undergo…

A: Viruses are non cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure…

Q: Why should we give the COVID vaccine to Youth than Senior Citizens?

A: COVID-19 is a disease that is spread by SARS COVID- 19. It is spread by droplet infection and from…

Q: Make sure to include pIf you were cloning a mutated gene, would you use a Baculovirus, Vaccinia or…

A: Cloning is a method in which the genetic constituents of one organisms is transferred to another…

Q: Why is selective toxicity almost impossible for viruses? Viruses are so small compared to bacteria…

A: Selective toxicity :- Selective toxicity of antimicrobial agent refers that, particular…

Q: Vaccines: Which vaccine below would you not give to a liver transplant recipeint? O attenuatued live…

A: Recipients of solid organ transplantation like liver transplantation are at risk of severe infection…

Q: True or False:  1. Lytic viruses utilize the host’s machines to construct their viral components…

A: The term 'virus' is derived from the same word in Latin, meaning venom or poisonous fluid. It was…

Q: What are 3 different defense mechanisms viruses have that help them overcome anti bodies? please…

A: The below 3 points are the ways -

Q: answer both to get a like.  3. What viruses would you predict that could produce mutations in the…

A: Introduction  Central Dogma: it is the key mechanism by which DNA can be transcribed into mRNA by…

Q: Covid vaccine.

A: The company's mRNA technology, which has built upon decades of research will now contribute to the…

Q: .Describe a Therapeutic Target in the life cycle of an RNA virus.

A: Viruses are infection causing acellular agents that cannot live outside a living cell. It may have…

Q: Question:- There seem to be an unlimited number of possible viruses that could infect humans. How…

A: In human being, two types of immunity  is  present 1.) innate immunity ( natural immunity i.e…

Q: What is the significance of getting a covid19 vaccine

A: Vaccination is the process in which the Germ or its antigens in the inactive form are injected in…

Q: What’s the ingredients of the influenza vaccine

A: A vaccine is a medicine that directs the immune system to generate antibodies in the same way that…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.