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The political system in pre-colonial SEA is different from the western model of the Europeans. What is the proper explanation to this. 

 

Question 5 options:

 

a. Pre-colonial SEA has a more decentralized political system. Local chieftain are in a tributary relationship with a more powerful overlord. European statehood on the other hand is informed by the Weberian model of a nation state which is highly centralized and unitary. 

 

b. All the explanations in the options are erroneous because pre-colonial SEA is not really that different with the western model as a matter of fact they are the same because they both value political power in the hands of a ruling elite which controls the affairs of the state. 

 

c. Pre-colonial SEA is different from the western model because it relies on the use of maps in order to demarcate its boundaries, unlike the Europeans which relies on the loyalty of their subordinate lords to do the will of the king. 

 

d. The political system in pre-colonial SEA involves a strong centralized government which oversees the affairs of the annexed territories while the European model is the western type which is more decentralized in structure.

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