Smoking cigarettes when pregnant will cause birth defects and in some cases Miscarriage. Controlled group with 40 pregnant healthy women who do not and will not smoke cigarettes, as well as, an additional 40 pregnant healthy women who do smoke cigarettes. 1. What is the dependent variable (i.e., how measured)? 2. What is the independent variable and how is the sequence and proportion presented? 3. How are the subjects assigned to conditions?

Dr. Carlton conducts a study to determine the effectiveness of a new intervention for those suffering from eating disorders. He compares patients' weights before the intervention to the same patients' weights after the intervention. What is the appropriate statistical test? a. paired samples t test b. between-subjects, one-way ANOVA. c. independent-samples t test d. Mann–Whitney U test

45. Which one of the following is not a common level of significance set in statistical analysis? a. 90% b. 50% c. 95% d. 99%

v Question Completion Status: QUESTION 1 A one-way ANOVA is conducted when comparing a. means from two different samples b. means from three or more different samples your sample mean from the population mean d. means from same samples but in different situations C. QUESTION 2 When you test whether individuals in the sample come from differen a. control design b. within-subjects design

A) What is the mean difference score, MD? (Hint: fill in the difference column using TMS - minus - Sham) a. 4 b. 5 c. 20 d. 4.2 B)  What is the sample variance, s2, for the difference scores? a. 7.2 b. -9 c. 8.5 d. 9

24. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 26% of Americans are "anti-vax". To verify this, 1,000 Americans were asked and 324 of them said they are "anti-vax". What is the population, sample, statistic, paramter, variable, and constants?

1. What measures of disease frequency are you going to compute? 2. What is the risk/odds of getting colon cancer among people having a high fat diet? 3. What relative measures are you going to compute? 4. Compute for the relative measures between colon cancer and high fat diet  5. Is vitamin use a risk factor for colon cancer? 6. What is the risk/odds ratio of the vitamin use and colon cancer? 7. Is vitamin use associated with high fat diet? 8. What is the risk/odds ratio of the vitamin use and high fat diet? 9. Is vitamin use confounder or effect modifier?   COMPUTE FOR RETROSPECTIVE COHORT AND  PROSPECTIVE COHORT

Here is the Statistics problem. Read this passage. What is the explanatory variable in this passage?

A new medication for lowering blood pressure is being tested. Sample 1 has systolic blood pressures for the control group and sample 2 has systolic blood pressures for the experimental group. obs # Sample 1 Sample 2 1 156 154 153 143 155 146 4 151 139 5 157 146 The following questions have to do with a 2-sided test of significance at a=5% to determine if there is a significant difference between the groups. What type of test is this? How many degrees of freedom? What is the absolute value (positive) of the test statistic in step 4 to 2 decimal places? Find the p-value to 4 decimal places. Should you reject the null at 5%? Find the margin of error for a 95% confidence interval on the difference in means to two decimal places. 3.

Explain in detail RANDOM ASSIGNMENT OF SUBJECTS.