Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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![1. Problem Description:
The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an
atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons.
It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount
of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable
and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other.
The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found
in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of
neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom.
+ Binding energy -
Nucleus
(smaller mass)
Separated nucleons
(greater mass)
Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus
The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic
nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the
following formula:
(A – 22)², as
Eb = a,A – 4,A³ – az¬- as-
Eb = a, A - a½A3 – az
A
A3
AZ
where, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a, = 93.2 ,and
if A is odd
if A and Z are both even
if A is even and Z is Odd
12.0
as =
(-12.0
The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding
energy (Eb) by the mass number (A).
You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic
number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,
if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 Z)
inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.
If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the
program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in
figure 2.
Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,
which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy
of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
In (25]: runfilel'/Users/hanzazidoun/Documents/2101/2101_52021/
Progranning Assignnents/PA4/pa4_nuc lear.py, wdire' /Users/hamzazidoun/
Documents/2101/2ie1_s2e21/Progranning Assignments/PA4)
>>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: e
>Enter valid atonic number (z) (1,118]: -120
>>Enter valid atomic number (2) (1,118]: 200
>>Enter valid atomic number (2) (1,118): 5
A
binding
energy
binding energy
per Nucleon
-448.996
ww...
-89.799
-37.771
-11.856
-0.472
5.235
6.423
6.386
-226.623
-82.990
-3.778
8
47.111
64.228
70.245
55.009
35.952
1.794
-32.682
-78.825
-123.453
-177.641
-229.307
-289.143
11
12
12
4.584
2.766
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.128
-2.179
-4.927
-7.262
-9.869
-12.069
-14.457
The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10](https://content.bartleby.com/qna-images/question/6029f95b-612c-4fac-8b8f-ebfd9508ad0f/764f3d6e-d855-4a79-bbba-8e78a8aa7b7a/ags9o9_processed.jpeg)
Transcribed Image Text:1. Problem Description:
The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of an
atom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons.
It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amount
of energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stable
and the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other.
The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons found
in the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number of
neutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom.
+ Binding energy -
Nucleus
(smaller mass)
Separated nucleons
(greater mass)
Figure 1: Binding Energy in the Nucleus
The approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomic
nucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using the
following formula:
(A – 22)², as
Eb = a,A – 4,A³ – az¬- as-
Eb = a, A - a½A3 – az
A
A3
AZ
where, a, = 15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a, = 93.2 ,and
if A is odd
if A and Z are both even
if A is even and Z is Odd
12.0
as =
(-12.0
The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the binding
energy (Eb) by the mass number (A).
You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomic
number (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,
if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 Z)
inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.
If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, the
program should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown in
figure 2.
Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,
which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copy
of the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).
In (25]: runfilel'/Users/hanzazidoun/Documents/2101/2101_52021/
Progranning Assignnents/PA4/pa4_nuc lear.py, wdire' /Users/hamzazidoun/
Documents/2101/2ie1_s2e21/Progranning Assignments/PA4)
>>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: e
>Enter valid atonic number (z) (1,118]: -120
>>Enter valid atomic number (2) (1,118]: 200
>>Enter valid atomic number (2) (1,118): 5
A
binding
energy
binding energy
per Nucleon
-448.996
ww...
-89.799
-37.771
-11.856
-0.472
5.235
6.423
6.386
-226.623
-82.990
-3.778
8
47.111
64.228
70.245
55.009
35.952
1.794
-32.682
-78.825
-123.453
-177.641
-229.307
-289.143
11
12
12
4.584
2.766
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.128
-2.179
-4.927
-7.262
-9.869
-12.069
-14.457
The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10
Transcribed Image Text:2. Modular Programming:
Your program should be modular and consists of the following functions:
a) read ():
- Ask the user for a valid atomic number (Z)
b) compute_binding_energy(Z, table):
- Build the table (a list of lists) of binding energy where the columns are:
the mass number (A), the binding energy (Eb) and the binding energy per
nucleon (BEN), while the rows range from A = Z to A = 4Z
c) most_stable (table) :
- Find and return the row that contains the highest binding energy per
nucleon, which corresponds to the most stable configuration.
d) print_table (table):
- Print the table in a neat tabular format as shown in the sample run in
figure 2.
e) write_to_file(table, file name):
- Save the table in a text file output.txt as shown in figure 3.
3
f) main ():
-The main function is set up to make the calls to the functions as
specified in points a) to e)
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