Shrimp fishing off the coast of Georgia was closed in 2001, due to a drastic reduction in the shrimp population. Landings of blue crab plummeted in 2002 and 2003, as five years of drought and greatly reduced freshwater flow from underground aquifers led to increased salinity in coastal estuaries. These habitats between open ocean and fresh water are “nurseries” for many marine animals. Speculate about possible causes for the decline in shrimp and blue crab populations.
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- Shrimp fishing off the coast of Georgia was closed in 2001, due to a drastic reduction in the shrimp population. Landings of blue crab plummeted in 2002 and 2003, as five years of drought and greatly reduced freshwater flow from underground aquifers led to increased salinity in coastal estuaries. These habitats between open ocean and fresh water are the “nurseries’ for many marine animals. Using information you learned in this lab, speculate about possible causes for the decline in shrimp and blue crab populations.Plasmodium is a vector for mosquitos. It is a protozoan that is the causal agent of malaria, which is responsible for killing as many 855,000 people in 2013, the majority of them being children. Populations of mosquitos are strongly influenced by the availability of standing water for egg-laying and larval development. How might mosquito density, and thereby human mortality, be affected by patterns of rainfall?The Barton Springs salamander is an endangered species found only in a single spring in the city of Austin, Texas. There is growing concern that a chemical spill on a nearby freeway could pollute the spring and wipe out the species. To provide a source of salamanders to repopulate the spring in the event of such a catastrophe, a proposal has been made to establish a captive breeding population of the salamander in a local zoo. The zoo was asked to provide a plan for establishing this captive breeding population, with the goal of maintaining as much of the genetic variation of the species as possible in the captive population. What factors are likely to lead to a loss of genetic variation in the captive population?
- In ponds where there are viable fish and plant populations, algae are seldom seen. Explain why this might happen.Which of these following scenarios is caused by the Allee effect? Corals rely on external fertilization when gametes (sperm and eggs) are released into the sea in large quantities and have to meet at random chance. When coral densities drop due to coral bleaching and die back, external fertilization becomes inefficient, few zygotes form, and coral populations further decline or go extinct. After a big disturbance in forests, such as fire, many seeds germinate and seedlings compete for space, light and resources. K-selected species produce fewer, but larger seeds that are initially outnumbered by the numerous sEeds and resulting seedlings of r-selected species. The initial advantage of r-selected species of Occupying more locations and therefore by random chance also better locations, is later overcome by the K-selected species higher competitive ability. Therefore, for the first years to decades, r-selected species dominate areas that experienced severe disturbances, while in mature…Biologists in Haida Gwaii (an archipelago off the coast of British Columbia) are interested in restoring coastal kelp forests. This habitat is critical for fish and the endangered northern abalone. However, urchins are efficient grazers that can quickly mow through patches of kelp, creating 'barrens' (regions without much life like the region shown in the picture above). These barrens leave little food or habitat for the abalone (which also eat kelp). To combat these hungry urchins, divers collect or crack (kill) any urchins they see in the study area. Identify the species interactions (+/-/0): 1. Urchins on kelp [ Select ] 2. Kelp on urchins [ Select ] 3. Humans on urchins [Select ] 4. Kelp on abalone [ Select ] 5. Abalone on kelp [ Select] 6. What is the name of the interaction between kelp and abalone? [ Select ]
- In 1955, conservationists in Hawaii were concerned about an invasive species, the giant African land snail, Achatina fulica. A. fulica was reproducing widely and had few predators. In an attempt to control the invader and protect the environment, the conservationists imported the rosy wolf snail, Euglandina rosea (E. rosea), that preys on other snails for food. Which of the following explains what will most likely happen to A. fulica? Why? E. rosea quickly becomes the top predator, instead of A. fulica. The number of A. fulica decreases. A. fulica and E. rosea become competitors, but A. fulica remains the top predator. The number of A. fulica stays constant. A sudden genetic mutation in A. fulica causes them to become smaller and more attractive to E. rosea. The number of A. fulica decreases. Natural selection causes A. fulica to grow bigger, be more aggressive, and eat more snails, including E. rosea, over time. The number of A. fulica increases.Crown-of-thorns starfish (often abbreviated as COTS; Acanthaster planci) is one of the largest sea stars in the world. It is also well known as a voracious predator of corals. Sudden outbreaks or swarms of this one species can rapidly consume an entire coral reef. Use internet resources to investigate recent research articles on the topic of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks on coral reefs. Where do these outbreaks occur? What impacts do they have on near-shore ecosystems? What causes these outbreaks? What management practices, if any, could be employed in response to COTS outbreaks? Site your sourcesIn Glacier Sea over the past 5 years the moon jelly population has been INCREASING. How will the walleye pollock population be affected?
- Imagine that a certain foreign snake species has been set loose in Mississippi. They are flourishing in their new habitat, however, their effect on native ecosystems has been destructive. Explain the reasons behind this problem. How likely is this example?In 1929, 13 white-tailed deer were introduced to an isolated island with no natural predators. A survey was conducted once a year to estimate the population of deer on the island. The table shows the deer population over the first five years on the island. The deer fed on many of the native plants found on the island, including the California false indigo, a thornless shrub that is a preferred food source on the island for deer. Based on the data, which of the following graphs correctly predicts the population of California false indigo from 1929 to 1941? Year of Survey Population of Deer 1929 13 1932 29 1935 66 1938 157 1941 398 image 1 because the California false indigo will be able to reproduce faster than it can be consumed by the deer and will be unaffected by the deer population, maintaining its current population image 2 because the increasing number of deer will help spread seeds of the plant and lead to a rise in…A group of golden lion tamarins were released into their natural habitat but most did not survive. The researchers found most were very underweight, presumably due to a lack of food availability. Using the information provided above, What is a possible solution to this human impact problem before releasing more tamarins into this habitat?