Several recent studies have suggested that people who suffer from abnormally high blood pressure can benefit from regular exercise. She conducts a small sample of 3 random patients with high blood pressure and measures blood pressure before and after the exercise program.   Subject Before After 1 155 133 2 160 140 3 145 120 Conduct a test to see if the claim is supportive. State the hypotheses from the previous problem. (high blood pressure problem)

Herbal cancer A report in the New England Journal of Medicine notes growing evidence that the herb Aris-tolochia fangchi can cause urinary tract cancer in those who take it. Suppose you are asked to design an experi-ment to study this claim. Imagine that you have data on urinary tract cancers in subjects who have used thisherb and similar subjects who have not used it and thatyou can measure incidences of cancer and precancerouslesions in these subjects. State the null and alternativehypotheses you would use in your study.

Big fish: A sample of 250 flounder of a certain species have sample mean weight 50.5 grams. Scientists want to perform a hypothesis test to determine how strong the evidence is that the mean weight is less than 49 grams. State the appropriate null and alternate hypotheses.

(...) Dairy cows - The USDA collects and distributes a wide variety of data about agriculture in the United States. One statistic reported each year is the number of milk cows (in thousands) in each state. A random sample of 10 states is selected, with the number of milk cows reported in both 2011 and 2015. 1. Which hypotheses should be used to conduct the test? diff=0 vs. H₁ : 0 vs. Ha diff 5.7 20.202 mean sd 2015 19 47 125 195 14 1279 14 408 2011 19 45 119 188 14 1265 18 366 329 323 98 94 246.1 251.8 379.881 385.58 Difference 0 2 6 7 0 14 -4 42 -6 -4 5.7 14.111 3. Based on the p value we have Little evidence that the null model is not a good fit for our observed data. 4. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the mean difference in the number of milk cows (in thousands) between 2011 and 2015.

A demographer wants to know what proportion of women in different countries dye their hair. They take a random sample of women from Korea and another random sample of women from China. In Korea, 47% dyed their hair. In China, 56% dyed their hair. (a) What hypotheses would the demographer use to test if women in China are more likely to dye their hair than women in Korea? H0: pChina=pKorea vs. Ha: pChina ≠ pKoreaH0: pChina - pKorea = 0 vs. Ha: pChina - pKorea > 0    H0: μChina-μKorea = 0 vs. Ha: μChina-μKorea ≠ 0H0: pChina-pKorea = 0.09 vs. Ha: pChina-pKorea ≠ 0.09H0: μChina = 0.56 vs. Ha: μKorea = 0.47 (b) Suppose their test yielded a p-value of 0.079. What does this mean in the context of the test? We are 7.9% confident that the results of our test are correct.If the women of two countries have the same rates of coloring their hair, the probability of getting a difference at least this large is 0.079.    If we take another sample, the probability of getting the same p̂China and…

The U.S. Department of Labor stated that the national unemployment rate was 4.9%. Of a sample of 90 people in one city, 5.2% were unemployed. Can the city conclude that their unemployment rate is the same as the national average? Do we reject the null hypothesis? (Answer on Excel)

Consumers Energy states that the average electric bill across the state is $67.16. You want to test the claim that the average bill amount is greater than $67.16. The hypotheses for this situation are Null Hypothesis: u = 67.16, Alternative Hypothesis: u > 67.16. If the true statewide average bill is $51.28 and the null hypothesis is not rejected, did a type I, type II, or no error occur?   a No error has occurred.   b Type I Error has occurred.   c Type II Error has occurred.   d We do not know the p-value, so we cannot determine if an error has occurred.

Predict whether they are cause-effect, accidental, or common-cause. Explain your conclusion and, if they are cause-effect, explain which causes the other and why. "People who drink more coffee in the morning are more likely to have insomnia (the inability to sleep) at night."