Several local universities hire a polling company to study how wide spread cheating is in online courses. For each of the challenges listed below that this company faces, fill in the blank with the number matching the type of bias this challenge would make us worry about the most. Each type of bias will be used exactly once. 

 (a) Students don’t want to admit that they cheat and might lie about it. _________

                                                       (b) The company doesn’t have contact information for all students. _________

                                                            (c) The survey the company will administer is optional. _________

 Options:
1 - Selection bias
2 - Non-response bias
3 - Response bias

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Economy in Recession? The Quinnipiac University Poll conducts nationwide surveys as a public service and for research. This problem is based on the results of one such poll. Independent simple random samples of registered Democrats, Republicans, and Independents were asked, “Do you think the United States economy is in a recession now?” Of the 628Democrats sampled, 220 responded “yes,” as did 349 of the 471 Republicans sampled and 342 of the 646 Independents sampled. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists in the percentages of registered Democrats, Republicans, and Independents who thought the U.S. economy was in a recession at the time?

A crossover trial is a type of experiment used to compare two drugs. Subjects take one drug for a period of time, then switch to the other. The responses of the subjects are then compared using matched-pair methods. In an experiment to compare two pain relievers, seven subjects took one pain reliever for two weeks, then switched to the other. They rated their pain level from 1 to 10, with larger numbers representing higher levels of pain. The results were: Subject Drug A Drug B 1 6 5 2 3 1 3 4 4 7 6 2 7 4 2 Can you conclude that the mean pain level is less with drug B? Use a=0.05. (1) Critical Value (Round off to 3 decimal places): (2) Test Statistic (Round off to 2 decimal places): (3) Conclusion: (Type 'Reject HO' or 'Fail to Reject HO')

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Random digit dialing telephone surveys used to exclude cell phone numbers. If the opinions of people who have only cell phones differ from those of people who have landline service, the poll results may not represent the entire adult population. The Pew Research Center interviewed separate random samples of cell-only and landline telephone users who were less than 30 years old. Here’s what the Pew survey found about how these people describe their political party affiliation.     Do we reject, or fail to reject, the null hypothesis?

Determining whether two samples are independent or paired a... Charmaine has two ways to travel from her home in Norco to her office in Los Angeles. One is to go via the San Bernardino Freeway, and the other is to go via the Pomona Freeway. Recently, a lane was added to the San Bernardino Freeway. So, Charmaine wants to determine if it is now faster to take the San Bernardino Freeway than the Pomona Freeway. She selected a random sample of 12 of her trips via the San Bernardino Freeway and a random sample of 12 of her trips via the Pomona Freeway. The two samples were chosen separately, so that the selection of the trips via the San Bernardino Freeway did not affect the selection of the trips via the Pomona Freeway. Charmaine recorded the travel times (in minutes) for the trips in each of the two samples. The following table gives the data, sample means, and sample standard deviations. S.B. Fwy 79, 76, 66, 69, 71, 75, 67, 75, 65, 60, 76, 74 Pomona Fwy 63, 76, 79, 78, 74, 71, 65, 75,…

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The following test scores are for two classes that took the same test. (The highest possible score on the test was 60.) Class 1 (24 scores): 37, 46, 54, 55, 15, 55, 44, 55, 37, 26, 52, 44, 31, 23, 44, 52, 41, 41, 30, 50, 41, 41, 41, 41 Class 2 (25 scores): 50, 40, 40, 25, 40, 57, 31, 31, 40, 31, 33, 33, 57, 33, 34, 34, 57, 29, 34, 41, 41, 58, 41, 34, 45 Form a back-to-back stem and leaf plot with one stem. Put the leaves for one class on the right side of the stem and the leaves for the other class on the left side. Record the leaves in increasing order from the stem. Leaf (Class 1) Stem Leaf (Class 2) 3 2 1