Set-up: Two traits in beetles Antennae shape (R rounded, r pointed) Body color(O orange, o white) Note: Consider complete dominance for both genes where capitalized letters indicate dominant alleles and take note of the phenotype provided for one of the parents of individual A and the clues it provides. What we know about Individual A 1_double heterozygote beetle with 2_rounded antennae and orange body 3_both parents of Individual A are double homozygotes 4_one parent of individual A has rounded antennae and white body a) Please provide the genotypes for both parents of individual A and the genotypes of the gametes they produced Parent 1 genotype , parent 1 gametes Parent 2 genotype parent 2 gametes b) Individual A is test crossed (the progeny of this testcross are shown in the table below). Please provide the genotype of Individual A, the genotypes of the tester and the genotypes of the gametes that ea one can produce Genotype individual A Genotype of the tester Gametes individual A Gametes of tester

Another gene in Drosophila determines wing length. The dominant wild-type allele of this gene produces long wings; a recessive allele produces vestigial (short) wings. A female that is true- breeding for red eyes and long wings is mated with a male that has purple eyes and vestigial wings. F1 females are then crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged males. From this second cross, a total of 600 offspring are obtained with the following combinations of traits: 252 with red eyes and long wings 276 with purple eyes and vestigial wings 42 with red eyes and vestigial wings 30 with purple eyes and long wings Are the genes linked, unlinked, or sex-linked? If they are linked, how many map units separate them on the chromosome?

INTERPRET DATA Using the graph in Figure 11-20, determine how many offspring were involved in the hypothetical cross studying skin color. What percentage had the lightest skin possible? the darkest skin possible? Figure 11-20 Polygenic inheritance in human s pigmentation This simplified example assumes that skin pigmentation in humans is governed by alleles of three unlinked loci. The alleles producing dark skin (A, B, and C) are represented by capital letters, but they are not dominant. Instead, their effects are additive. The number of dark dots, each signifying an allele producing dark skin, is counted to determine the phenotype. A wide range of phenotypes is possible when individuals of intermediate phenotype mate and have offspring (AaBbCc AaBbCc). The expected distribution of phenotypes is consistent with the superimposed normal distribution curve.

Solve for the genetic structure of a population with 12 homozygous recessive individuals (yy), 8 homozygous dominant individuals (YY), and 4 heterozygous individuals (Yy).