Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which epidermal cell type is most numerous? (a) keratinocyte, (b) melanocyte, (c) dendritic cell, (d) tactile cell.
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Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which epidermal cell type is most numerous? (a) keratinocyte, (b) melanocyte, (c) dendritic cell, (d) tactile cell.
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- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: The epidermis provides a physical barrier due largely to the presence of (a) melanin, (b) carotene, (c) collagen, (d) keratin.Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Skin surface markings that reflect points of tight dermal attachment to underlying tissues are called (a) tension lines, (b) papillary ridges, (c) flexure lines, (d) dermal papillae.From the list of tissues in column B, identify the primary tissue that forms each of the structures in column A.Column A Column B(1) epidermis (a) dense irregular connective tissue (2) reticular layer of the dermis (b) dense regular connective tissue(3) hypodermis (c) areolar connective tissue(4) papillary layer of the dermis (d) epithelial tissue(5) apocrine sweat glands (e) adipose tissue(6) hair follicle(7) nails
- Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: Which is not a true statement about the papillary layer of the dermis? (a) it is largely areolar connective tissue, (b) it is most responsible for the toughness of the skin, (c) it contains nerve endings that respond to stimuli, (d) it is highly vascular.Identify the epidermal layer(s) in which the following cancers arise: (a) basal cell carcinoma; (b) malignant melanoma; (c) squamous cell carcinoma.Select the best answer or answers from the choices given: An arrector pili muscle (a) is associated with each sweat gland, (b) can cause a hair to stand up straight, (c) enables each hair to be stretched when wet, (d) provides new cells for continued growth of its associated hair.
- In clinical practice, drugs can be delivered by diffusion across the skin. This delivery method is called transdermal administration. Why are fat-soluble drugs more desirable for transdermal administration than drugs that are water soluble?Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item.1. integument2. fingernails3. keratin4. tactile cells5. melanocytes6. keratinocytes7. epidermal dendritic cell8. subcutaneous layer9. reticular layer10. arrector pilia. smooth muscle attached to hair follicleb. most numerous epidermal cellc. a phagocytic cell (active in immune response)d. layer deep to dermise. formed from stratum corneumf. receptors for touchg. composed of epidermis and dermish. dense irregular connective tissuei. fibrous protein in epidermisj. pigment-forming cellsOne important function provided by the layer of epidermis indicated by the arrow is:
- Why are dermal punctures often performed on(a) patients receiving chemotherapy (b) geriatric patients, and (c) diabetic patients?Match each epidermal layer in column B to its description in column A.Column A Column B(1) Desmosomes and shrinkage artifacts give its cells “spiny”projections. (a) stratum basale(2) Its cells are flat, dead bags of keratin. (b) stratum corneum(3) Its cells divide, and it is also called the stratum germinativum. (c) stratum granulosum(4) It contains keratohyalin and lamellated granules. (d) stratum lucidum(5) It is present only in thick skin. (e) stratum spinosumKeratinocytes are the major cellular components of the epidermis. They are found in the four major epidermal strata: basale, spinosum, granulosum and corneum. Explain the characteristics of and the changes in the keratinocytes as they journey from the deepest to the most superficial epidermal strata.