Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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**Title: Alkene Reaction Pathways**

**Introduction:**
A common alkene starting material is shown below. Predict the major product for each reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.

**Reaction Pathways:**

1. **Pathway 1: Hydroboration-Oxidation**
    - Reagents:
      1. BH₃-THF
      2. H₂O₂, NaOH
    - Mechanism: This pathway involves the hydroboration of the alkene followed by oxidation to form an alcohol.

2. **Pathway 2: Oxymercuration-Reduction**
    - Reagents:
      1. Hg(OAc)₂, H₂O
      2. NaBH₄
    - Mechanism: This pathway includes the oxymercuration of the alkene followed by reduction, resulting in the formation of an alcohol.

**Diagram:**

- **Alkene Structure:** The starting material is an alkene with two substituents around the double bond, depicted graphically in the center.
- **Reactions Arrows and Boxes:**
  - Each reaction pathway leads to another box indicating the site for student input, labeled "Select to Draw," where learners can draw predicted products.

3. **Pathway 3: Cold Alkaline Permanganate Oxidation**
    - Reagents: KMnO₄, NaOH, cold
    - Mechanism: This process involves the syn-dihydroxylation of the alkene, forming adjacent diols.

4. **Pathway 4: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration**
    - Reagents: H₂SO₄, H₂O
    - Mechanism: An acid-catalyzed process resulting in alcohol formation via a carbocation intermediate. 

Each reaction pathway guides students through understanding different reaction mechanisms leading to various functional groups. Students can apply knowledge of reagents, reaction conditions, and mechanisms to predict major products effectively.
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Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Alkene Reaction Pathways** **Introduction:** A common alkene starting material is shown below. Predict the major product for each reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. **Reaction Pathways:** 1. **Pathway 1: Hydroboration-Oxidation** - Reagents: 1. BH₃-THF 2. H₂O₂, NaOH - Mechanism: This pathway involves the hydroboration of the alkene followed by oxidation to form an alcohol. 2. **Pathway 2: Oxymercuration-Reduction** - Reagents: 1. Hg(OAc)₂, H₂O 2. NaBH₄ - Mechanism: This pathway includes the oxymercuration of the alkene followed by reduction, resulting in the formation of an alcohol. **Diagram:** - **Alkene Structure:** The starting material is an alkene with two substituents around the double bond, depicted graphically in the center. - **Reactions Arrows and Boxes:** - Each reaction pathway leads to another box indicating the site for student input, labeled "Select to Draw," where learners can draw predicted products. 3. **Pathway 3: Cold Alkaline Permanganate Oxidation** - Reagents: KMnO₄, NaOH, cold - Mechanism: This process involves the syn-dihydroxylation of the alkene, forming adjacent diols. 4. **Pathway 4: Acid-Catalyzed Hydration** - Reagents: H₂SO₄, H₂O - Mechanism: An acid-catalyzed process resulting in alcohol formation via a carbocation intermediate. Each reaction pathway guides students through understanding different reaction mechanisms leading to various functional groups. Students can apply knowledge of reagents, reaction conditions, and mechanisms to predict major products effectively.
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