Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305957404
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Please help with all parts. This makes no sense.
### Analyzing Curved Arrows in Chemical Reactions The following diagrams exhibit various chemical structures with curved arrows, essential in illustrating electron movement during reactions. Let us analyze each part to determine the correctness of these arrows. #### Part a. - **Structure Description:** - The left structure includes an atom labeled "A" with a pair of electrons, denoted as two dots, adjacent to it. - An atom labeled "B" is shown with a curved arrow originating from the electrons next to "A" and pointing towards "B." - To the right, another structure includes atoms labeled "C," "D," and an "H," with a curved arrow originating from the bond between "H" and "D," pointing towards "C." - **Analysis:** - This part focuses on nucleophilic attack, where electrons from "A" may be moving towards "B." - The second arrow indicates a bond-breaking process, where electrons are reallocated towards the atom "C." #### Part b. - **Structure Description:** - In this part, atom "A" has a similar electron representation as Part a. - A second structure involves atoms labeled "B," "C," and "H," with two electrons set between "B" and "H" and a curved arrow pointing from "B" to "H." - A single arrow leads from "H" to "C." - **Analysis:** - This suggests a potential movement of electrons from "B" to "H," followed by a possible departure of "H" and reallocation of electrons to "C." #### Part c. - **Structure Description:** - Here, a molecule with a triple bond, possibly a nitrile group (represented by "N≡C"), is shown. - Electrons are shown moving from a carbon atom (next to "N") labeled "A" towards a shared space labeled "B." - Another structure has atoms "C" and "D," with electrons pointed from the bond between "C" and an atom towards "C." - **Analysis:** - This sequence suggests a nucleophilic attack by "A" on "B," complemented by the electron movement from "C" to "D." ### Conclusion Each part exhibits important aspects of electron movement vital for understanding reaction mechanisms. The diagrams use curved arrows to demonstrate electron flow and bond formation or breaking, crucial for depicting
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Transcribed Image Text:### Analyzing Curved Arrows in Chemical Reactions The following diagrams exhibit various chemical structures with curved arrows, essential in illustrating electron movement during reactions. Let us analyze each part to determine the correctness of these arrows. #### Part a. - **Structure Description:** - The left structure includes an atom labeled "A" with a pair of electrons, denoted as two dots, adjacent to it. - An atom labeled "B" is shown with a curved arrow originating from the electrons next to "A" and pointing towards "B." - To the right, another structure includes atoms labeled "C," "D," and an "H," with a curved arrow originating from the bond between "H" and "D," pointing towards "C." - **Analysis:** - This part focuses on nucleophilic attack, where electrons from "A" may be moving towards "B." - The second arrow indicates a bond-breaking process, where electrons are reallocated towards the atom "C." #### Part b. - **Structure Description:** - In this part, atom "A" has a similar electron representation as Part a. - A second structure involves atoms labeled "B," "C," and "H," with two electrons set between "B" and "H" and a curved arrow pointing from "B" to "H." - A single arrow leads from "H" to "C." - **Analysis:** - This suggests a potential movement of electrons from "B" to "H," followed by a possible departure of "H" and reallocation of electrons to "C." #### Part c. - **Structure Description:** - Here, a molecule with a triple bond, possibly a nitrile group (represented by "N≡C"), is shown. - Electrons are shown moving from a carbon atom (next to "N") labeled "A" towards a shared space labeled "B." - Another structure has atoms "C" and "D," with electrons pointed from the bond between "C" and an atom towards "C." - **Analysis:** - This sequence suggests a nucleophilic attack by "A" on "B," complemented by the electron movement from "C" to "D." ### Conclusion Each part exhibits important aspects of electron movement vital for understanding reaction mechanisms. The diagrams use curved arrows to demonstrate electron flow and bond formation or breaking, crucial for depicting
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Given : structures 

Tip : movement of Sigma bond to form double bond not possible. When there is pi bond and lone pair,lone pair move.

 

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