**Figure 7-4: Glucose Structures**This figure illustrates the structural variations of glucose, highlighting the cyclical and open chain forms. 1. **α-glucose:** - Depicted on the left, this cyclic form features a pyranose ring structure. - Hydroxyl groups (OH) are attached at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. - The hydroxyl group at position 1 is positioned below the plane of the ring, distinguishing it as alpha.2. **Open Chain:** - Shown in the center, this is the acyclic form of glucose. - It features an aldehyde group at the top, with hydroxyl groups along the carbon chain. - The open chain allows for conversion between the alpha and beta forms under equilibrium conditions.3. **β-glucose:** - Illustrated on the right, another cyclic pyranose form. - Similar to α-glucose, hydroxyl groups are present at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. - The hydroxyl group at position 1 is positioned above the plane of the ring, identifying it as beta.These structures demonstrate the dynamic nature of glucose, as it can interchange between open and ring forms, a key property in biochemical processes. **Question:** Which form of glucose can have all of its substituents in the equatorial position?**Options:**- ○ α- ○ β- ○ open chain- ● None of them. There is always at least one group in the axial position.**Explanation:**This question relates to the stereochemistry of glucose in its cyclic and open chain forms. In cyclohexane structures, substituents can adopt two positions: equatorial or axial. The question implies that in any cyclic form of glucose (α or β), there will always be at least one substituent group in the axial position, thus the correct answer is, "None of them. There is always at least one group in the axial position."

Answered: See Figure 7-4 Which form of glucose…

Chemistry

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ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

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Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

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**Figure 7-4: Glucose Structures**

This figure illustrates the structural variations of glucose, highlighting the cyclical and open chain forms.

1. **α-glucose:**
- Depicted on the left, this cyclic form features a pyranose ring structure.
- Hydroxyl groups (OH) are attached at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
- The hydroxyl group at position 1 is positioned below the plane of the ring, distinguishing it as alpha.

2. **Open Chain:**
- Shown in the center, this is the acyclic form of glucose.
- It features an aldehyde group at the top, with hydroxyl groups along the carbon chain.
- The open chain allows for conversion between the alpha and beta forms under equilibrium conditions.

3. **β-glucose:**
- Illustrated on the right, another cyclic pyranose form.
- Similar to α-glucose, hydroxyl groups are present at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
- The hydroxyl group at position 1 is positioned above the plane of the ring, identifying it as beta.

These structures demonstrate the dynamic nature of glucose, as it can interchange between open and ring forms, a key property in biochemical processes.

Expert Solution

Step 1: Conformations of glucose

Different conformations of glucose arise in a system due to the difference in the relative positions of the substituents.

The cyclic structures of glucose have a six-membered cyclic system. The most stable conformation of a cyclohexane ring system is the chair conformation. Each C atom in a chair form is capable of forming two other bonds. One is present perpendicular to the plane which is called the axial substituent and the other is called the equatorial substituent.

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