S 138. A male newborn has albinism. The most likely cause of the lack of pigmentation in this newborn is an abnormality in cells arising from which of the folowing? A) Neural crest B) Somatic mesoderm OC) Somitic dermatome OD) Somitic myotome OE) Splanchnic mesoderm OF) Surface ectoderm

2)Why are organisms that broadcast spawn useful for studying fertilization & development? a)Fertilization does not require multiple gametes b)Fertilization occurs outside the bodies of the parents, so it can be directly observed c)Fertilization is observable because the eggs are large enough to see d)Fertilization occurs without the need for parents

Exposure to chemicals and certain medications can lead to changes in anatomy and physiology of both males and females. Any of these factors may play a role in  a) phenotypes b) absorption of nutrients  c) mitosis  d) fertility

a) If fetal glucose consumption declines, how does the glucose concentration gradient between fetal circulation and the intervillous space change?  b) When fetal glucose consumption declines, how is the concentration gradient between parental circulation and the intervillous space impacted?  c) When fetal glucose consumption declines, placental tissue adjusts its consumption of glucose to maintain a constant concentration gradient between the fetal circulation and the intervillous space. In order to maintain this gradient, would you expect placental tissue to increase or decrease its glucose consumption, and why is this the case?