review(13a): Reasearchers conducted a study measuring how much people socialize with coworkers. and measuring productivity. From the study they found a significant postive relationship between the variables indicating that co workers who socialize outside of work are more productiive  than workers who do not. Can we conclude that socializing outside of work causes co-workers to be more productive. (a) No, this is an observation study and we cannot conclude causality. (b) Yes, the research study a significant relationship.

A study examined the relationship between a nurse's assessment of a patient's facial expression and his or her self-reported level of pain. Data for 89 patients are summarized below: Self-Report Facial Expression No Pain Pain No Pain 17 40 Pain 3 29 We'd like to determine if there is evidence of an association between a facial expression that reflects pain and self-report pain, because dementia patients do not always give a verbal indication that they are in pain. By using SPSS or Minitab, design the appropriate test and generate the data analyses. Relate the results of the test to the research question and conclude the findings.

Computer programmers employed by a software developer were asked to participate in a monthlong training seminar. During the seminar, each participant was asked to record the number of hours spent in class preparation each week. After completing the seminar. the productivity level of each participant was measured. A positive linear statistical relationship between participants' productivity levels and time spent in class preparation was found. Based on the information (a) Identify the predictors and response variable Identify three alternative predictor variables that might cause both the employee productivity scores and the employee class participation times to increase (decrease) simultaneously. (b)

CHI SQUARE QUESTION   Research has demonstrated strong gender differences in teenagers’ approaches to dealing with mental health issues (Chandra & Minkovitz, 2006). In a typical study, eighth-grade students are asked to report their willingness to use mental health services in the event they were experiencing emotional or other mental health problems. Typical data for a sample of n = 150 students are shown in Table 17.8. Do the data show a significant relationship between gender and willingness to seek mental health assistance? Note: This is an example for a Chi-Square Test for Independence.     Probably No Maybe Probably Yes   Males 17 32 11 60 Females 13 43 34 90   30 75 45 n = 150     Demonstrate the 4 steps of hypothesis testing, with an alpha level of .05. In addition, provide a table with expected frequencies. The expected frequencies must maintain the same row totals and column totals, and create an ideal frequency…

McAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2 a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a one-tailed test with =.05 t-critical= t= b. Compute the value of (percentage of variance accounted for) for these data. r^2= a. 0.123, b. 0.239, c. 0.138, d. 0.264

McAllister et al. (2012) compared varsity football and hockey players with varsity athletes from noncontact sports to determine whether exposure to head impacts during one season have an effect on cognitive performance. In the study, tests of new learning performance were significantly poorer for the contact sport athletes compared to the noncontact sport athletes. The following table presents data similar to the results obtained in the study. Noncontact Athletes: 10, 8, 7, 9, 13, 7, 6, 12 Contact Athletes: 7, 4, 9, 3, 7, 6, 10, 2   a. Are the test scores significantly lower for the contact sport athletes than for the noncontact athletes? Use a two-tailed test with =.05 b. What sampling technique was most likely employed by the researcher? justify your answer c. Does exposure to head impacts have an effect on cognitive performance? why or why not

A research study was conducted about gender differences in "sexting." The researcher believed that the proportion of girls involved in “sexting” is less than the proportion of boys involved. The data collected in the spring of 2010 among a random sample of middle and high school students in a large school district in the southern United States is summarized in Table. Is the proportion of girls sending sexts less than the proportion of boys "sexting?" Test at a 1% level of significance. Table 2: Frequency of "sexts" sent by gender Gender Males Females Sent "sexts" 183 156 Total number surveyed 2231 2169

A research study was conducted about gender differences in “sexting.” The researcher believed that the proportion of girls involved in “sexting” is less than the proportion of boys involved. The data collected in the spring of 2010 among a random sample of middle and high school students in a large school district in the southern United States is summarized in Table. Is the proportion of girls sending sexts less than the proportion of boys “sexting?” Test at a 1% level of significance.   Males Females Sent "sexts" 183 156 Total number surveyed 2231 2169

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF).Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10.                                                                         CMC                                           FTF…

Computer-mediated communication (CMC) is a form of interaction that heavily involves technology (e.g., instant messaging, email). A study was conducted to compare relational intimacy in people interacting via CMC to people meeting face-to-face (FTF).   Participants were 48 undergraduate students, of which half were randomly assigned to the CMC group and half assigned to the FTF group. The variable of interest, relational intimacy score, was measured (on a 7-point scale) for each participant after each of three different meeting sessions. Summary statistics for the first meeting session are given here. The researchers hypothesized that, after the first meeting, the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the CMC group would be lower than the mean relational intimacy score for participants in the FTF group. Test the researchers’ hypothesis using α = .10.                                                                     CMC                                           FTF Number…