Research and development activities may include (a) personnel costs, (b) materials and equipment costs, and (c) indirect costs. What is the recommended accounting treatment for these three types of R&D costs?

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: O a. The most complex of the cost estimation methods is the high-low method. O b. Engineering approach approximates cost function by classifying each account as either variable or fixed based on the analyst's knowledge of how the account behaves. C The high-low method of deriving an estimated cost line uses all the data points available. O d. In approximating the cost function, the account analysis classifies costs based upon an industrial engineer's evaluation of production methods, and material, labor, and overhead requirements. O e. The high-low method is used to derive an estimated line of cost behavior by graphically connecting the two cost amounts identified with the highest and lowest volume levels.

Factors affecting the classification of a cost as direct or indirect include: A. cost behaviour patterns, cost drivers, and relevant ranges. B. materiality of the cost, available information-gathering technology, and design of operations. C. materials, labour, and factory overhead D. unit costs, inventory production stage, and contractual agreements.

Classify the following fixed costs as normally being either committed or discretionary:f. Management development and training.