Read the article on the impact of Phenological Changes on Trophic Dynamics. 2. Why is this mismatch occurring (please use details), and describe how this positively and negatively impact the bears? How could this positively and negatively impact the salmon? How could this positively and negatively impact the elderberry

1. What makes an ecosystem resilient? 2. Explain the immediate and secondary effects of removing otters from a kelp forest ecosystem. Use the words: keystone species, biodiverse/biodiversity

Fig. 1: A subset of a simple food web from a typical oak-maple forest ecosystem from Midwest Gray fox Cooper's hawk Red tailed hawk Fox Robin Gray squirrel Chipmunk Vole squirrel Grasshopper Oak Maple Grass Fig. 2: Four types of indirect interactions| 1. Apparent competition: Negative effect of one species on another via"shared predator": (+x(-) = (-) 3. Trophic cascade: The indirect effect of top predator on the lower Gray fox trophic via "intermediate species". Three trophic [(-) x (-)) = (+), four trophic [(-)X(-)X(-)=(-)) FOx squirrel Gray Squirrel Green world Brown world (-) X (-)=(+) (-)X(-)X(-)=(-) Fox squirel Gray Squirrel 4. Indirect mutualism: A positive indirect effect of two predators on each other via distinct prey that compete: (-)X(-X(+)%3D(%) Gray squirrel Chipmunk 2. Resource Competition: Negative effect of one species on another via "shared resource" : (-) x (+) = (-) Oak Oàk Мaple

Question: To what trophic level would lions belong?   A. Producers B. Primary Consumers C. Secondary Consumers D. Tertiary Consumers

Please answer fast

Rain (cm) 60 50 40 30 20 10 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2. An ecosystem has an average of 50 cm of rain per year. Look at the rainfall graph over an 11 year period of lower than average rainfall in this ecosystem, predict how the biotic factors within this ecosystem would respond. Make sure to describe how eventually all trophic levels would be affected. Be sure to explain your reasoning Answer: Type your answer here.

Please answer question two

1. Kg is kilograms, a measure of mass. In this ecosystem, which trophic level has most mass? 2. Which trophic level is the original source of food? 4. Which trophic level consumes plants? 5. In this ecosystem, why would the wolf have more mass than the lion?

Explain the tree trap solution for the removal of lanternflies. How will the tree trap solution affect the native species, economy, and/or social impacts? How long do you think it will take to return to the original biodiversity of the first ecosystem based on the tree trap solution and why?

The goldenrod gall fly lays its eggs on the goldenrod plant.  The larval fly causes the plant to form a structure called a gall in which the larva lives until it becomes an adult fly.  The flies cannot reproduce without goldenrod. The distribution of the goldenrod gall fly is primarily determined by Group of answer choices -random chance -biotic factors -abiotic factors