Reactions of Carboxylic Acids - Fisher esterification: Acid-catalyzed ester formation from carboxylic acid and alcohol OH H₂SO4 OH - Carboxylic acid: conversion to acyl halides: SOCI₂ RCO₂H + SOCI₂ (w/ pyridine) → RCOCI SOCI₂ CH3OH CH3COH Reactions of Amide NH₂ 1. LiA 2. H₂O

if I have the following reactants: •Pyridine (fresh bottle, still with its seal unbroken, distilled and stored under nitrogen) • Piperidine (fresh bottle, still with its seal unbroken, distilled and stored under nitrogen) • Glacial acetic acid (concentrated acetic acid) • distilled water • concentrated hydrochloric acid • ethanol • trifluoroacetic acid • trifluoroacetic anhydride

Neutral/acidic/ basic      Polar/ non-polar      Hydrophobic/hydrophilic

Group I Cations of 6 M HCI; centrifuge for ~1 minute. Decant the solution and add an additional one or two drops of 6 M HCI; if no additional precipitate forms, the precipitation is complete. If it was incomplete, centrifuge to obtain the additional solid; then decant the liquid, add 1 or 2 drops of 6 M HCI, and repeat the procedure until no precipitate forms. Discard the supernatant into the appropriate waste container or keep for later experiments if your instructor so indicates. Add 1.5 mL of cold deionized or distilled water to the precipitate to wash; agitate, centrifuge, and discard the water to the appropriate waste container. Repeat the wash procedure. The solid contains Pb2*, Ag*, and/or Hg22*. Step 2. Separation of Pb2*. Add 1 mL of boiling water to the solid from step 1. Agitate, centrifuge, and decant the liquid. Repeat the extraction, combining the supernatant. The liquid should contain Pb?* if any is present. Step 3. Testing for Pb2*. Add 2 or 3 drops of 0.2 M K2CRO4…