Rank the following in order of increasing acidity. OH .OH .OH OH NO2 CF3 CF3 A B C D

Salicylic acid, HOC6H4CO2H, and its derivatives have been used as pain relievers for a long time. Salicylic acid occurs in small amounts in the leaves, bark, and roots of some vegetation (most notably historically in the bark of the willow tree). Extracts of these plants have been used as medications for centuries. The acid was first isolated in the laboratory in 1838. (a) Bath functional groups of salicylic acid ionize in water, with Ka=1.0103 for the—CO2H group and 4.201013 for the -OH group. What is the pH of a saturated solution of the acid (solubility = 1.8 g/L).. (b) Aspirin was discovered as a result of efforts to produce a derivative of salicylic acid that would not be irritating to the stomach lining. Aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid, CH3CO2C6H4CO2H. The -CO2H functional group is still present, but its acidity is reduced, Ka=3.0104. What is the pH of a solution of aspirin with the same concentration as a saturated solution of salicylic acid (See Part a). (c) Under some conditions, aspirin reacts with water and forms a solution of salicylic acid and acetic acid: CH3CO2C6H4CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)HOC6H4CO2H(aq)+CH3CO2H(aq) i. Which of the acids, salicylic acid or acetic acid, produces more hydronium ions in such a solution? ii. What are the concentrations of molecules and ions in a solution produced by the hydrolysis of 0.50 g of aspirin dissolved in enough water to give 75 mL of solution?

Consider the following four solutions: (1) apple juice, pH 3.8, (2) pickle juice, pH 3.5, (3) carbonated beverage, pH 3.0, and (4) drinking water, pH 7.2. a. Which solution has the highest [H3O+]? b. Which solution has the highest [OH]? c. List the solutions in order of increasing acidity. d. List the solutions in order of decreasing basicity.

Use Table 14.3 to help order the following acids from strongest to weakest HNO3,H2O,NH4+,C5H5NH+

A solution of formic acid (HCOOH, Ka = 1.8 104) has a pH of 2.70. Calculate the initial concentration of formic acid in this solution.

Which of the following compounds or ions has the weakest conjugate base? Briefly explain your choice. a) HCN b) HClO c) NH4+

Several acids and their respective equilibrium constants are: Which is the strongest acid? Which is the weakest acid? Which acid has the weakest conjugate base? Which acid has the strongest conjugate base?

Use Table 13-2 to order the following from the strongest to the weakest acid. HClO2,H2O,NH4+,HClO4

Write equations to illustrate the acid-base reaction when each of the following pairs of Brnsted acids and bases are combined: Acid Base a.HOCl H2O b.HClO4 NH3 c.H2O NH2 d.H2O OCl e.HC2O4 H2O

Trimethylamine, (CH3)3N, reacts readily with diborane, B2H6. The diborane dissociates to two BH3 fragments, each of which can react with trimethylamine to form a complex, (CH3)3N:BH3. Write an equation for this reaction and interpret it in terms of Lewis acid-base theory.