Rank the following carbonyl compounds in order of increasing reactivity towards nucleophiles: NH2 I Br II III IV

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**Title: Reactivity of Carbonyl Compounds Towards Nucleophiles**

**Objective:** Understand the relative reactivity of different carbonyl compounds when interacting with nucleophiles.

**Compounds Presented:**

1. **Compound I:**
   - Structure: Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a methyl group (CH₃) and an amine (NH₂).
   - Commonly an amide.

2. **Compound II:**
   - Structure: Simple aldehyde with a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydrogen (H) and a methyl group (CH₃).
   - Known as an aldehyde.

3. **Compound III:**
   - Structure: Carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a bromine atom (Br) and a methyl group (CH₃).
   - This is an acyl bromide.

4. **Compound IV:**
   - Structure: Features two carbonyl groups (C=O) attached to an oxygen atom, forming an ester linkage.
   - Known as an acid anhydride.

**Task:** Rank the compounds in order of increasing reactivity towards nucleophilic attack.

**Guide:**

- **Amides (I):** Least reactive due to resonance stabilization and poor leaving group (NH₂⁻).
- **Esters (IV):** Moderately reactive; less stabilized than amides, but the OR group is a better leaving group than NH₂⁻.
- **Aldehydes (II):** More reactive as they are less sterically hindered compared to ketones.
- **Acyl Bromides (III):** Highly reactive due to the excellent leaving ability of the bromide ion.

**Conclusion:**

Rank in order of increasing reactivity: I < IV < II < III

This information helps in predicting reaction pathways and mechanisms in organic synthesis involving carbonyl compounds.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Reactivity of Carbonyl Compounds Towards Nucleophiles** **Objective:** Understand the relative reactivity of different carbonyl compounds when interacting with nucleophiles. **Compounds Presented:** 1. **Compound I:** - Structure: Contains a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a methyl group (CH₃) and an amine (NH₂). - Commonly an amide. 2. **Compound II:** - Structure: Simple aldehyde with a carbonyl group (C=O) attached to a hydrogen (H) and a methyl group (CH₃). - Known as an aldehyde. 3. **Compound III:** - Structure: Carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a bromine atom (Br) and a methyl group (CH₃). - This is an acyl bromide. 4. **Compound IV:** - Structure: Features two carbonyl groups (C=O) attached to an oxygen atom, forming an ester linkage. - Known as an acid anhydride. **Task:** Rank the compounds in order of increasing reactivity towards nucleophilic attack. **Guide:** - **Amides (I):** Least reactive due to resonance stabilization and poor leaving group (NH₂⁻). - **Esters (IV):** Moderately reactive; less stabilized than amides, but the OR group is a better leaving group than NH₂⁻. - **Aldehydes (II):** More reactive as they are less sterically hindered compared to ketones. - **Acyl Bromides (III):** Highly reactive due to the excellent leaving ability of the bromide ion. **Conclusion:** Rank in order of increasing reactivity: I < IV < II < III This information helps in predicting reaction pathways and mechanisms in organic synthesis involving carbonyl compounds.
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